Selenium Poisoning

Moxon, A. L.; Rhian, Morris

doi:10.1152/physrev.1943.23.4.305

Cited by 156 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Although selenium (Se) has been initially known for its toxic characteristics (Davidson 1940;Moxon and Rhian 1943;Busby 1957;Oldfield 1987;Prince et al 2007), it is also an essential trace element of utmost relevance to human health (Navarro-Alarcón and López-Martínez 2000;BNF 2001;SACN-UK 2013). Selenium was firstly-and explicitly-ascribed an essential role in mammalian nutrition by Schwarz and Foltz (1957), even if it still took another one and a half decade for, independently yet almost simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) to be recognised as a selenoenzyme (Flohé et al 1973), and Se itself as a key biochemical regulator for the GSHPx antioxidant activity (Rotruck et al 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of selenium-enriched wheat by agronomic biofortification

et al. 2014

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Agronomic biofortification of staple crops is an effective way to enhance their contents in essential nutrients up the food chain, with a view to correcting for their deficiencies in animal or human status. Selenium (Se) is one such case, for its uneven distribution in the continental crust and, therefore, in agricultural lands easily translates into substantial variation in nutritional intakes. Cereals are far from being the main sources of Se on a content basis, but they are likely the major contributors to intake on a dietary basis. To assess their potential to assimilate and biotransform Se, bread and durum wheat were enriched with Se through foliar and soil addition at an equivalent field rate of 100 g of Se per hectare (ha), using sodium selenate and sodium selenite as Se-supplementation matrices, in actual field conditions throughout. Biotransformation of inorganic Se was evaluated by using HPLC−ICP-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis for Se-species extraction in the resulting mature wheat grains. Selenomethionine and Se VI were identified and quantified: the former was the predominant species, representing 70-100 % of the total Se in samples; the maximum amount of inorganic Se was below 5 %. These results were similar for both supplementation methods and for both wheat varieties. Judging from the present results, one can conclude that agronomic biofortification of wheat may improve the nutritional quality of wheat grains with significant amounts of selenomethionine, which is an attractive option for increasing the Se status in human diets through Se-enriched, wheat-based foodstuff.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of selenium-enriched wheat by agronomic biofortification

et al. 2014

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“…Selenium in plant products was initially known for its toxicity to animals (Moxon and Rhian 1943) but since the late 1950s Se has been recognised as an essential nutrient for animals and later for humans (Terry et al 2000). Selenium concentrations in the soil are highly variable and mainly depend on the soil parent material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of catch crop species on selenium availability for succeeding crops

2011

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Background and Aims Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for humans and animals. In order to ensure an optimal concentration of Se in crops, Se fertilisers are applied. Catch crops may be an alternative way to increase Se concentrations in vegetables.Methods Three experiments in Denmark between 2007-10 investigated the ability of catch crops (Italian ryegrass, fodder radish and hairy vetch) under different fertiliser regimes to reduce soil Se content in the autumn and to increase its availability in spring to the succeeding crop. Results and Conclusions The catch crops (Italian ryegrass and fodder radish) increased water-extractable Se content in the 0.25-0.75 m soil layer in only one of the experiments. Selenium uptake by the catch crops varied between 65 and 3263 mg ha −1 , depending on species, year and fertilisation treatment; this corresponded to 0.1-3.0% of the water-extractable soil Se content. The influence of catch crops on Se concentrations and uptake in onions and cabbage was low. There was a decrease in Se uptake and recovery of applied Se by onions following catch crops, which might indicate Se immobilisation during catch crop decomposition.

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“…Provavelmente, a primeira referência à AD foi feita por Madison, em 1856, que descreve uma doença crônica fatal de eqüinos em Nebraska, EUA, região de elevada concentração de Se no solo (Franke & Moxon 1936). Em 1891, ao observarem problemas semelhantes aos descritos por Madison, os fazendeiros da região, denominaram a condição de "Alkali Disease", por associá-la, equivocadamente, aos álcalis da água da região (Moxon & Rhian 1943). Quadros semelhantes teriam sido verificada em bovinos, eqüinos e suínos alimentados com grãos e forragens (Franke et al 1934).…”

Section: Resul II Resul Ii Resul Ii Resul Ii Results T T T Tadunclassified

“…Ambas as doenças eram consideradas, pela maioria dos autores, como formas de selenose crônica (Rosenfeld & Beath 1946, Olson 1978, Jones & Hunt 1983, Stöber 1989, Yager & Scott 1993, James et al 1994Radostits et al 1994, O'Toole 1996. Outros, porém, classificaram BS como uma forma de intoxicação aguda (Glenn et al 1964, Radeleff 1970, Crinion & O'Connor 1978, Wilber 1980) ou subaguda (SA) (Moxon & Rhian 1943, Garner 1967. O'Toole et al (1996), em minuciosa revisão bibliográfica e exames dos cortes histológicos originais, apontam falhas como falta de critério para inclusão de animais nos estudos básicos, ausência de clareza no diagnóstico diferencial, falta de descrição dos sinais clínicos de BS e não realização de dosagens de Se nos tecidos dos animais.…”

Section: Resul II Resul Ii Resul Ii Resul Ii Results T T T Tadunclassified

“…Outro aspecto que poderia aumentar a concentração de Se nas pastagens seria a deposição aérea de material oriundo de indústrias (Radostits et al 1994). A forma aguda ou subaguda (Moxon & Rhian 1943) da BS ocorreria em animais recém-introduzidos em campos seleníferos (Radeleff 1970) e seria decorrente da ingestão de plantas indicadoras com milhares de ppm do elemento, enquanto a forma crônica que afetaria animais nativos, devido a um pretenso mecanismo seletivo desenvolvido por estes (Moxon & Rhian 1943, Radeleff 1970. Yager & Scott (1993) por sua vez, consideram BS, assim como AD, uma forma crônica de intoxicação, que ocorreria em animais nativos submetidos à escassez de alimentos.…”

Section: Resul II Resul Ii Resul Ii Resul Ii Results T T T Tadunclassified

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