Selenium Nanoparticle Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy against Biofilm forming Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

ABSTRACT-Present work explores the novel selenium nanoparticle-enhanced photodynamic therapy of toluidine blue O against Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Physiochemical (Ultraviolet-visible absorption, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy) and Electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize selenium nanoparticles. The UV spectrum of different concentrations of SeNP were showed distinct peak at ~288 nm, which confirmed the successful synthesis of SeNP in this study. The synthesized Selenium nanoparticles were uniform and spherical in shape with average size ~100 nm. In FTIR spectra of SeNPs there were strong absorption band around 3425cm -1 , 2928 cm -1 and 1647 cm -1 . TBO showed MIC and MBC of 62.5 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL respectively whereas in presence of SeNPs showed MIC and MBC of 31.25 μg/mL and MBC of 62.5 μg/mL. SeNPs-TBO conjugate showed twofold higher activities against S mutans than TBO alone. A 630 nm diode laser was applied for activation of SeNP-Toluidine blue O (TBO) combination and TBO against S. mutans biofilm and cells. The UV-vis absorption result suggests that TBO is not present on the surface of SeNP. In fluorescence emission spectra, there is enhancement of fluorescence of TBO fluorescence in the presence of nanoparticle. This showed that SeNP are enhancing the photodynamic therapy. Antibiofilm assays and microscopic studies showed significant reduction of biofilm presence of conjugate. A crystal violet assay revealed a maximum percent inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation after 24 hours' incubation, recorded as 20% and 60% by TBO (31.25 μg/mL) and SeNP-TBO (31.25 μg/mL; TBO) conjugate, respectively. XTT biofilm reduction assay were showed 32% loss in viability in presence of SeNP-TBO conjugate whereas in presence of only TBO there was 22% loss in viability of cells. Fluorescence spectroscopic study confirmed type I photo toxicity against biofilm. Selenium nanoparticle conjugate-mediated photodynamic therapy may be used against recalcitrant biofilm based infections and can be helpful in dentistry.

The application of selenium nanoparticles for enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation of planktonic communities and the biofilm of Streptococcus mutans

“…This result was in agreement with the study conducted by Haris et al that assessed the effect of the combination of TBO-induced PDT and SeNPs on the S. mutans biofilm. Also, their results revealed that SeNPs increased the anti-biofilm effect of PDT [ 6 ]. In another study, the effect of TBO-induced combined with silver nanoparticles (TBO-AgNPs ) has been evaluated on the S. mutans biofilm.…”

“…However, some of these techniques (e.g., the mechanical disruption of oral biofilms or the use of therapeutic antimicrobials in the oral cavity) are subjected to several restrictions [ 5 ]. In this regard, alternative antibacterial strategies (e.g., photodynamic therapy (PDT)) are employed to control microbial growth in the oral cavity [ 6 ]. PDT has three principle nontoxic components, including visible light, a photosensitizer (PS), and molecular oxygen.…”

“…Recently, several studies reported the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) [ 14 – 16 ]. Also, some studies showed that SeNPs could increase the PDT treatment effect [ 6 , 17 ]. There is limited data on combine used of SeNPs and PDT; therefore, the present study evaluates the activity of SeNPs in combining with PDT against both planktonic communities and the biofilm of S. mutans .…”

Effectiveness of Se/ZnO NPs in Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of Resin-Based Dental Composites

“…This study presented the synthesis of pristine and metalloid-doped metal-oxide NPs and their effectiveness as antimicrobial nanofillers in composite resins. The metalloid selected for doping was Se, based on its antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties [ 33 ]. The synthesis of pristine and doped NPs was confirmed by several characterization techniques used with NPs, i.e., UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD crystallography, FTIR analysis, SEM, and EDX analysis.…”

An Overview to Exploring Biofilm and Antibiofilm Formation Approaches

“…Stable-liquid interface is the primary intent for their attachment (Graham and Cady, 2014). Exclusive motive at the gain of the attachment of microbes is floor hydrophobicity due to the fact that it substantially reduces pressure of repulsion between microorganism and floor (Haris & Khan, 2017;Kumaran et al, 2018). Microorganisms have a greater capacity to cling to Teflon or plastics because they are hydrophobic and non-polar surfaces, as opposed to metals or glass, which are polar and hydrophilic (Li et al, 2017;Mao et al, 2017;Misba et al, 2018).…”