Selenium Deficiency Leads to Inflammation, Autophagy, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Apoptosis and Contraction Abnormalities via Affecting Intestinal Flora in Intestinal Smooth Muscle of Mice

Abstract

Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient that plays a predominant role in various physiological processes in humans and animals. Long-term lack of Se will lead to many metabolic diseases. Studies have found that chronic Se deficiency can cause chronic diarrhea. The gut flora is closely related to the health of the body. Changes in environmental factors can cause changes in the intestinal flora. Our study found that Se deficiency can disrupt intestinal flora. Through 16s high-throughput sequencing analysis of small intestinal contents of mice, we found that compared with CSe group, the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Ileibacterium in the low selenium group was significantly increased, while Romboutsia abundance was significantly decreased. Histological analysis showed that compared with CSe group, the small intestine tissues of the LSe group had obvious pathological changes. We examined mRNA expression levels in the small intestine associated with inflammation, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, tight junctions, and smooth muscle contraction. The mRNA levels of NF-κB, IκB, p38, IL-1β, TNF-α, Beclin, ATG7, ATG5, LC3α, BaK, Pum, Caspase-3, RIP1, RIPK3, PERK, IRE1, elF2α, GRP78, CHOP2, ZO-1, ZO-2, Occludin, E-cadherin, CaM, MLC, MLCK, Rho, and RhoA in the LSe group were significantly increased. The mRNA levels of IL-10, p62 BcL-2 and BcL-w were significantly decreased in the LSe group compared with the CSe group. These results suggest that changes in the abundance of Lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, ileum, and Romboutsia may be associated with cellular inflammation, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, tight junction, and abnormal smooth muscle contraction. Intestinal flora may play an important role in chronic diarrhea caused by selenium deficiency.

Lactobacillus_reuteri improves intestinal damage caused by selenium deficiency in mice by altering intestinal flora

“…Our team's previous studies have con rmed the role of selenium in regulating intestinal ora homeostasis [44]. In order to investigate the regulation of Lactobacillus reuteri on the intestinal ora of the Se-de cient mice, Se-de cient mice were divided into the LSeJ group and the LSeN group.…”

Effects of Bifidobacterium Quadruple Viable Tablets Combined with Immune-Enhancing Enteral Nutritional Adjuvant Therapy on Intestinal Flora, Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Immune Function in Elderly Patients with Hepatitis B Cirrhosis

“…11 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are beneficial bacteria, which can promote intestinal peristalsis, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and decompose harmful and toxic substances; Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci are neutral bacteria, which are beneficial to health under normal conditions, but once their proliferation is out of control, they can cause damage to the organism. 12,13 Patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis may experience alterations in intestinal wall structure, leading to heightened intestinal permeability. This can trigger pathological bacterial translocation, fostering excessive growth of intestinal bacteria.…”

Anti-Alzheimer Activity of Combinations of Cocoa with Vinpocetine or Other Nutraceuticals in Rat Model: Modulation of Wnt3/β-Catenin/GSK-3β/Nrf2/HO-1 and PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2 Pathways

“…Vitamin C is also useful in modulating oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in bone marrow stromal cells [ 85 ]. Finally, selenium deficiency induces inflammation, autophagy, ER stress, apoptosis, and contraction abnormalities by altering the intestinal flora in the intestinal smooth muscle of mice [ 86 ]. These results provide a compelling argument for exploring nutritional interventions to combat AD and other disorders associated with ER stress, impaired autophagy, and apoptosis.…”