Selenium and Zinc Biofortification of Pleurotus eryngii Mycelium and Fruiting Bodies as a Tool for Controlling Their Biological Activity

Abstract

Pleurotus eryngii (DC:Fr.) Quel. is a cultivated mushroom of high culinary value and medicinal properties. Mycelium of P. eryngii is characterized by the ability of effective bio-elements absorption from growth media so it could be biofortified with trace elements with a functional activity in the human body. In this study, the ability of P. eryngii mycelia from in vitro cultures as well as fruiting bodies were investigated in terms of their effectiveness in zinc and selenium accumulation. The effect of Se and Zn biofortification on productivity, chemical compounds, and bio-elements content of P. eryngii was determined as well. To enhance Se and Zn content in P. eryngii fruiting bodies and mycelia, substrates were supplemented with sodium selenite, at a concentration of 50 mg L−1, zinc sulfate, and zinc hydro-aspartate at a concentration of 87.2 and 100.0 mg L−1, respectively. Mentioned Zn concentrations contained the same amount of zinc(II) ions, namely 20 mg L−1. The content of organic compounds include phenolic compounds and lovastatin, which were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection. The ability of P. eryngii to accumulate zinc and selenium from the culture medium was demonstrated. The degree of accumulation of zinc turned out to be different depending on the type of salt used. The present study also showed that conducting mycelium of P. eryngii in in vitro culture, with a higher content of zinc ions, can result in obtaining the materials with better antioxidant ability. The results of this study can be used to develop the composition of growing media, which ensures the production of biomass with the desired composition of elements.

Culinary–medicinal mushrooms: a review of organic compounds and bioelements with antioxidant activity

“…Zięba et al [125] studied the impact of biofortification of Pleurotus eryngii mycelium and fruiting bodies in Zn and Se salts to the effectiveness of their accumulation and content of organic compounds include phenolic compounds and lovastatin. The enrichment of growing media led to higher content of these metals in the mycelium and fruiting bodies with a diverse effect regarding other chemical constituents.…”

“…The enrichment of growing media led to higher content of these metals in the mycelium and fruiting bodies with a diverse effect regarding other chemical constituents. [125].…”

“…Many mushroom species are used for food preparation, moreover they are treated as functional food because they have health benefits beyond their nutritional value and therefore are used as natural medicines in many countries. Because of the rapid development of mushrooms farming, it is necessary to check at first the process of accumulation in in vitro conditions, and later used them in cultivations, and it is the routine schema in biotechnology [70,125].…”

Culinary and Medicinal Mushrooms: Insight into Growing Technologies

“…In addition to fruiting bodies, a valuable raw material for the production of dietary supplements, and potentially, medicines, is the mycelium from in vitro cultures. The mycelium obtained from bioreactors using special media has a homogeneous, constant composition of various substances with pro-health and medicinal properties, which can be easily modified by changing the conditions of cultivation (Zięba et al, 2020).…”

Pleurotus spp. Mycelia Enriched in Magnesium and Zinc Salts as a Potential Functional Food

“…The unique capability of edible mushrooms, including Pleurotus spp., to accumulate elements has been the subject of numerous studies [ 8 , 14 , 15 ]. Moreover, the earliest reports on the bioaccumulation of certain metals in mushrooms were published nearly a century ago [ 16 ].…”