Selenium and selenoproteins: it’s role in regulation of inflammation

Abstract

Selenium is an essential immunonutrient which holds the human's metabolic activity with its chemical bonds. The organic forms of selenium naturally present in human body are selenocysteine and selenoproteins. These forms have a unique way of synthesis and translational coding. Selenoproteins act as antioxidant warriors for thyroid regulation, male-fertility enhancement, and anti-inflammatory actions. They also participate indirectly in the mechanism of wound healing as oxidative stress reducers. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is the major selenoprotein present in the human body, which assists in the control of excessive production of free radical at the site of inflammation. Other than GPX, other selenoproteins include selenoprotein-S that regulates the inflammatory cytokines and selenoprotein-P that serves as an inducer of homeostasis. Previously, reports were mainly focused on the cellular and molecular mechanism of wound healing with reference to various animal models and cell lines. In this review, the role of selenium and its possible routes in translational decoding of selenocysteine, synthesis of selenoproteins, systemic action of selenoproteins and their indirect assimilation in the process of wound healing are explained in detail. Some of the selenium containing compounds which can acts as cancer preventive and therapeutics are also discussed. These compounds directly or indirectly exhibit antioxidant properties which can sustain the intracellular redox status and these activities protect the healthy cells from reactive oxygen species induced oxidative damage. Although the review covers the importance of selenium/selenoproteins in wound healing process, still some unresolved mystery persists which may be resolved in near future.

Selenate Adsorption from Water Using the Hydrous Iron Oxide-Impregnated Hybrid Polymer

“…The flasks were shaken on the orbital Heldoph shaker (Heidolph North America, Wood Dale, IL, USA) (at a constant speed of 170 rpm. The sorption process was investigated as a function of contact time (15-500 min), initial pH value (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) and initial selenium concentration (0.1-5 mg L −1 ), while the temperature and solid/liquid ratio were kept constant.…”

The Relevance of Selenium Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…Se is an essential trace element for human health and exerts its biological functions through selenoproteins. This trace element has antioxidant functions because it is an essential component of GPx, and exerts anti-inflammatory functions by inhibiting the NF-κB cascade and reducing the production of inflammatory mediators [ 25 , 47 , 48 ].…”

“…Among the foods that contain the best amounts of this trace element are nuts, breads, tuna, broccoli, eggs, meat, etc. In relation to the content of trace elements in the water, it has been mentioned that the amount of Se is not significant in most geographical regions ( Table 5 ) [ 25 , 48 , 138 ].…”

Bioinformatics of Metalloproteins and Metalloproteomes

“…Se is a metalloid trace element, which is essential for normal physiological functions in humans, animals, and many other organisms [5,105]. It mainly occurs in the form of Sec, which is a key component of selenoproteins involved in numerous enzymatic reactions, such as redox homeostasis, thyroid hormone metabolism, anti-inflammatory actions, and reproduction [106,107]. The mechanism of Sec biosynthesis and its incorporation into proteins has been elucidated in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes [21,22].…”