Selectivity of insecticides used in corn crops to adult Trichogramma atopovirilia (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

The egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) regulates lepidopteran pest populations in cotton crops. However, cotton harbors dozens of pests, and growers rely on multiple insecticide applications to manage these damaging organisms. A harmonious integration of control tactics is required for proper pest management, and the use of selective insecticides (i.e., those promoting effective pest control while causing little impact on natural enemies) ts within this scope. This study aimed to assess the lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of insecticides from varying chemical groups on T. pretiosum. The insecticides were sprayed on parasitized host [Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller)] eggs with developing T. pretiosum stages (egg-larva, prepupa and pupa), and biological traits were assessed following adult emergence. Overall, pupae were more susceptible to the insecticides. We found thiodicarb and chlorfenapyr to reduce F0 adult emergence in rates comparable to the positive control (methomyl). Adult F0 deformation was the highest on upyradifurone-treated organisms, and both the F0 parasitism rate and female survival were reduced by the insecticides (except for te ubenzuron). The sex ratio was affected by thiodicarb and upyradifurone. Transgenerational effects occurred on adult emergence, which was reduced on the offspring (F1) of thiodicarb-, chlorfenapyr-, and upyradifurone-treated T. pretiosum. In addition, thiodicarb lessened the F1 sex ratio. Combined, these results indicate that te ubenzuron is the safest insecticide; the other insecticides (especially thiodicarb and chlorfenapyr) are non-selective to T. pretiosum. Field and semi eld studies are required to con rm the harmfulness of thiodicarb and chlorfenapyr towards T. pretiosum.(e.g., temperature, radiation and rainfall) mediate insecticide degradation and potentially reduce their toxicity towards insects (Maia et al. 2016), further studies in semi eld and eld conditions are required to con rm the side effects of thiodicarb and chlorfenapyr on T. pretiosum. Declarations

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Lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of insecticides labeled for cotton on immature Trichogramma pretiosum

Costa

Farias

Andrade

et al. 2022

J Pest Sci

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Sublethal and transgenerational effects of insecticides in developing Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

et al. 2014

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This study assessed the transgenerational effects of insecticides in developing Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Laboratory bioassays were performed in which five insecticides were sprayed on egg-larval, pre-pupal and pupal stages of the parasitoid. The interaction between insecticides and development stages of the parasitoid was not significant for the rate of F0 emergence. All insecticides significantly reduced the emergence of wasps, with the lowest emergence observed when they were applied to the pupal stage. For the sex ratio, only spinosad applied to the pre-pupal stage and triflumuron applied on the egg-larval and pre-pupal stages did not differ from the controls. Triflumuron applied to pre-pupae did not lead to any difference in the parasitism rate of the treated generation (F0) when compared to the control. There were no significant differences among survival curves for females of F0 when all insecticides were sprayed on the egg-larval stage. Both concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam reduced female pre-pupal survival, and all treatments reduced female pupal survival. In addition, we observed a transgenerational effect of the insecticides on emergence and sex ratio of next generation (F1). Lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam (Min) applied to the pre-pupae and pupae, the maximum rate of the same insecticides applied to the egg-larvae and pre-pupae, and spinosad applied to pre-pupae all significantly reduced the adults emergence of T. galloi F1 generation. Only triflumuron did not alter the F1 sex ratio. These bioassays provide a basis for better understanding the effects of insecticide use on beneficial parasitoids.

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Effect of selectivity of herbicides and plant growth regulators used in sugarcane crops on immature stages of Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

et al. 2014

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-Herbicides and plant growth regulators are often used in sugarcane management. However, the use of non-selective pesticides can cause adverse effects on the efficiency of beneficial insects in integrated pest management. Within this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of such products on the immature stages of the parasitoid Trichogramma galloi. Eggs of Diatraea saccharalis containing the parasitoid at the egg-larva stage and at the prepupal and pupal stages were immersed in test solutions of the following pesticides (maximum recommended doses for sugarcane): herbicides clomazone and diuron + hexazinone, and plant growth regulators trinexapac-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl. The biological properties evaluated were emergence (F 1 and F 2 ) and number of eggs parasitized by T. galloi (F 1 ). The products were classified according to percentage of reduction in emergence and parasitism: harmless (<30%), slightly harmful (30-79%), moderately harmful (80-99%) and harmful (>99%). The pesticides evaluated were considered to be harmless or slightly harmful to immature T. galloi and, thus, their use should be preferred for preserving this parasitoid species in sugarcane management programs.Keywords: Saccharum spp., egg parasitoid, Diatraea saccharalis, biological control, chemical control, toxicity. RESUMO -Herbicidas e reguladores de crescimento de plantas são frequentemente utilizados no manejo da cana-de-açúcar. Entretanto, o uso de compostos não seletivos pode prejudicar a eficiência de insetos benéficos no manejo integrado de pragas. Nesse contexto, avaliou-se o efeito desses produtos sobre as fases imaturas do parasitoide Trichogramma galloi. Ovos de Diatraea saccharalis contendo o parasitoide no período de ovo-larva e nas fases de pré-pupa e pupa foram imersos em caldas dos produtos avaliados (doses máximas recomendadas para a cana-de-açúcar)

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Selectivity of insecticides used in corn crops to adult Trichogramma atopovirilia (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of insecticides labeled for cotton on immature Trichogramma pretiosum

Lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of insecticides labeled for cotton on immature Trichogramma pretiosum

Sublethal and transgenerational effects of insecticides in developing Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Effect of selectivity of herbicides and plant growth regulators used in sugarcane crops on immature stages of Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

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