Selective Vasodilator Effect of Magnesium Sulfate in Human Placenta

Holcberg, Gershon; Sapir, Olga; Hallak, Mordechai; Amash, Alaa; Shorok, Haj-Yhia; Yohay, David; Katz, Miriam; Huleihel, Mahmoud

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00115.x

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Regarding MgSO 4 treatment, it is probable that MgSO 4 induces changes in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to the opposite effects of this treatment upon NOS expression. This possibility is supported by the fact that perfusion of MgSO 4 to isolated human placental cotyledons completely inhibited the increase of IL-1β secretion induced by angiotensin II [30], whereas low magnesium has been associated with an enhanced release of IL-1β and TNFα from rat alveolar macrophages in culture [31]. All these observations deserve to be further investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental gene expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide and nitric oxide synthases in preeclampsia: effects of magnesium sulfate

Ariza

Bobadilla²,

Díaz³

et al. 2009

Magnesium Research

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Objective. To determine placental gene expression of calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP), calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), and endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS) in mild preeclampsia, and to assess the effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ). Methods. Term placentas were obtained from 10 normotensive (NT group), 10 preeclamptic (PE) patients treated with 0.9% NaCl solution (PES group), and 8 PE women who received MgSO 4 (PEMgSO 4 group). The levels of mRNA were evaluated by real-time PCR. Results. Placental gene expression of CRLR, RAMP1 and iNOS were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the PES group than in the NT group, without changes in CGRP. In addition, eNOS expression was 67% lower (p < 0.001) in the PES group. When compared with the PES group, the PEMgSO 4 group showed significantly higher expression (p < 0.05) of CGRP, CRLR and eNOS, while iNOS was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Placental gene expression of CRLR, RAMP1 and iNOS is higher in preeclampsia than in normal pregnancy, and MgSO 4 treatment increased CGRP and CRLR and presented opposite effects upon eNOS and iNOS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental gene expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide and nitric oxide synthases in preeclampsia: effects of magnesium sulfate

Ariza

Bobadilla²,

Díaz³

et al. 2009

Magnesium Research

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“…Such promise can be seen with the increasing use of prenatal magnesium sulfate for promoting fetal neuroprotection and preventing cerebral palsy and substantial motor dysfunction in at‐risk infants (Doyle,2012). While the precise basis for this protection is unclear, several studies demonstrate anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic and vasodilatory properties of magnesium sulfate in the placenta (Kovac et al,2003; Holcberg et al,2004; Dowling et al,2012). Further studies into the role of the placenta in regulating fetal development will shed light on how alterations in a variety of interactions at maternal–fetal interface may form the basis of early life programming of neurological, metabolic, as well as immunological disorders.…”

Section: The Placenta In Programming Of Neurodevelopmental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental regulation of maternal‐fetal interactions and brain development

Hsiao

Patterson

2012

Developmental Neurobiology

170

108

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A variety prenatal insults are associated with the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia, autism and cerebral palsy. While the precise mechanisms underlying how transient gestational challenges can lead to later life dysfunctions are largely unknown, the placenta is likely to play a key role. The literal interface between maternal and fetal cells resides in the placenta, and disruptions to the maternal or intrauterine environment are necessarily conveyed to the developing embryo via the placenta. Placental cells bear the responsibility of promoting maternal tolerance of the semiallogeneic fetus and regulating selective permeability of nutrients, gases, and antibodies, while still providing physiological protection of the embryo from adversity. The placenta's critical role in modulating immune protection and the availability of nutrients and endocrine factors to the offspring implicates its involvement in autoimmunity, growth restriction and hypoxia, all factors associated with the development of neurological complications. In this review, we summarize primary maternal-fetal interactions that occur in the placenta and describe pathways by which maternal insults can impair these processes and disrupt fetal brain development. We also review emerging evidence for placental dysfunction in the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders.

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“…49 Magnesium sulfate has been shown to have vasodilatory effects via inhibition of angiotensin II and endothelin I and may have an immunomodulatory role as well. 50,51 Administration of magnesium sulfate decreases the risk of eclampsia and maternal death by 50% 52 and is recommended by the American College of Obstetricians for severe preeclampsia. 53 As stated above, magnesium is an important regulator of vascular tone.…”

Section: Preeclampsiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium in pregnancy

Dalton¹,

Fhloinn²,

Gaydadzhieva³

et al. 2016

Nutr Rev

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Magnesium deficiency is prevalent in women of childbearing age in both developing and developed countries. The need for magnesium increases during pregnancy, and the majority of pregnant women likely do not meet this increased need. Magnesium deficiency or insufficiency during pregnancy may pose a health risk for both the mother and the newborn, with implications that may extend into adulthood of the offspring. The measurement of serum magnesium is the most widely used method for determining magnesium levels, but it has significant limitations that have both hindered the assessment of deficiency and affected the reliability of studies in pregnant women. Thus far, limited studies have suggested links between magnesium inadequacy and certain conditions in pregnancy associated with high mortality and morbidity, such as gestational diabetes, preterm labor, preeclampsia, and small for gestational age or intrauterine growth restriction. This review provides recommendations for further study and improved testing using measurement of red cell magnesium. Pregnant women should be counseled to increase their intake of magnesium-rich foods such as nuts, seeds, beans, and leafy greens and/or to supplement with magnesium at a safe level.

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Selective Vasodilator Effect of Magnesium Sulfate in Human Placenta

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Placental gene expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide and nitric oxide synthases in preeclampsia: effects of magnesium sulfate

Placental gene expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide and nitric oxide synthases in preeclampsia: effects of magnesium sulfate

Placental regulation of maternal‐fetal interactions and brain development

Magnesium in pregnancy

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