Selective trophic effect of L-carnitine in type I and IIa skeletal muscle fibers

Giovenali, Paolo; Fenocchio, D.; Montanari, G.; Cancellotti, Corrado; D'Iddio, S; Buoncristiani, U; Pelagaggia, Maurizio; Ribacchi, R

doi:10.1038/ki.1994.460

Cited by 44 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Some [39] but not all investigators report low plasma free carnitine in maintenance hemodialyzed patients [40, 41]. Moreover, a deficit in L -carnitine is responsible for atrophy of type I and IIA muscle fibers and is associated with an accumulation of intracytoplasmatic lipids which is not seen in muscular atrophy of the uremic patient [24, 42]. These findings in carnitine deficiency differ from these observed in CRF.…”

Section: Muscle Composition and Metabolism In Uremiacontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…They also found the muscle fiber type composition to be similar to that observed in healthy men after an endurance training program. On the other hand, Giovenali et al [24] observed muscular atrophy involving all types of muscle fibers without accumulation of intracytoplasmatic lipid. Muscle protein metabolism is discussed in a later paragraph.…”

Section: Muscle Composition and Metabolism In Uremiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even when plasma and muscle carnitine levels are not pathologically low, administration of carnitine, intravenously or orally, for 24 weeks, increased free plasma and muscle carnitine. Moreover a 7% increase in the diameter of type I and IIA fibers was reported, with an improvement of isometric force [24]. …”

Section: Treatment With Aasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle Metabolism in Uremia and the Effect of Amino Acid Supplementation

Allein¹,

Verbeelen

1998

Nephron

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Section: Muscle Composition and Metabolism In Uremiacontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Muscle Composition and Metabolism In Uremiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle Metabolism in Uremia and the Effect of Amino Acid Supplementation

Allein¹,

Verbeelen

1998

Nephron

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“…This could be attributable to the higher mitochondrial content and higher carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 levels in type I compared with type II muscle fibers. In this context, it is worth noting that 24 wk of L-carnitine administration has been shown to have a selective trophic effect upon type I muscle fibers in man (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contractile function and energy metabolism of skeletal muscle in rats with secondary carnitine deficiency

Roberts

Bouitbir

Bonifacio

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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-The consequences of carnitine depletion upon metabolic and contractile characteristics of skeletal muscle remain largely unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the effect of N-trimethyl-hydrazine-3-propionate (THP) administration, a carnitine analog inhibiting carnitine biosynthesis and renal reabsorption of carnitine, on skeletal muscle function and energy metabolism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard rat chow in the absence (CON; n ϭ 8) or presence of THP (n ϭ 8) for 3 wk. Following treatment, rats were fasted for 24 h prior to excision of their soleus and EDL muscles for biochemical characterization at rest and following 5 min of contraction in vitro. THP treatment reduced the carnitine pool by ϳ80% in both soleus and EDL muscles compared with CON. Carnitine depletion was associated with a 30% decrease soleus muscle weight, whereas contractile function (expressed per gram of muscle), free coenzyme A, and water content remained unaltered from CON. Muscle fiber distribution and fiber area remained unaffected, whereas markers of apoptosis were increased in soleus muscle of THP-treated rats. In EDL muscle, carnitine depletion was associated with reduced free coenzyme A availability (Ϫ25%, P Ͻ 0.05), impaired peak tension development (Ϫ44%, P Ͻ 0.05), and increased glycogen hydrolysis (52%, P Ͻ 0.05) during muscle contraction, whereas PDC activation, muscle weight, and water content remained unaltered from CON. In conclusion, myopathy associated with carnitine deficiency can have different causes. Although muscle atrophy, most likely due to increased apoptosis, is predominant in muscle composed predominantly of type I fibers (soleus), disturbance of energy metabolism appears to be the major cause in muscle composed of type II fibers (EDL).N-trimethyl-hydrazine-3-propionate; secondary carnitine deficiency; carbohydrate metabolism; muscle atrophy; apoptosis CARNITINE IS A NATURALLY OCCURRING COMPOUND that is found in all mammalian tissues. L-Carnitine, the biologically effective isomer, plays a key role within several cellular energy producing pathways (9). For instance, carnitine is essential for the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane toward their oxidative fate inside the mitochondrial matrix (15), is important for the removal of potentially toxic acyl-CoAs from the mitochondria by forming acylcarnitines (3, 6), and serves as a temporal acetyl group buffer in the oxidation of carbohydrates during periods of augmented pathway flux (14, 31).Fundamental to our understanding of the role of carnitine within the body is the ability to manipulate the size of the tissue carnitine pool and to investigate the consequences of such upon cellular, tissue, and whole body functions at rest and in response to external stresses such as muscular contraction. Although recent studies have shown that the skeletal muscle carnitine content can be increased in the presence of high circulating insulin concentrations by ϳ20% in humans (39,40,46), it appears to be more difficult to increa...

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“…L-carnitine also improved nutritional parameters such as serum transferrin and albumin in HD patients [13,14]. Intravenous administration of L-carnitine (2 g) at the end of a HD session also increases the morphological diameters of skeletal muscle fibers [15]. L-carnitine treatment prevented deterioration of the peak rate of oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) [16].…”

Section: Effects On Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on nutritional, immunological, and cardiac parameters in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study

et al. 2015

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Background: L-carnitine is an essential compound that facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acid across the inner mitochondrial membrane for β-oxidation. However, the effect of L-carnitine supplementation remains to be fully explored in patients with chronic kidney disease. We aimed in this study to determine the multidirectional effects of L-carnitine supplementation on clinical parameters in more detail. Methods: We orally administered L-carnitine to maintain serum-free carnitine levels within the normal range (30 to 70 μmol/L) for 6 months in 21 hemodialysis (HD) patients (age, 74 ± 11 years; time on HD, 60 ± 84 months).

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Selective trophic effect of L-carnitine in type I and IIa skeletal muscle fibers

Cited by 44 publications

References 13 publications

Muscle Metabolism in Uremia and the Effect of Amino Acid Supplementation

Muscle Metabolism in Uremia and the Effect of Amino Acid Supplementation

Contractile function and energy metabolism of skeletal muscle in rats with secondary carnitine deficiency

Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on nutritional, immunological, and cardiac parameters in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study

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