Selective oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and glucaric acid with chlorin e6 modified carbon nitride as metal-free photocatalyst

Bai, Xinyu; Hou, Qidong; Qian, Hengli; Nie, Yifan; Xia, Tianliang; Lai, Ruite; Yu, Guanjie; Rehman, Mian Laiq Ur; Xie, Haijiao; Mei, Ju

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120895

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Recently, polymeric carbon nitride (C 3 N 4 ) and metal-doped C 3 N 4 materials, which have been widely investigated as photocatalysts, − have emerged as novel kinds of solid base catalysts. The effectiveness of C 3 N 4 and metal-doped C 3 N 4 materials in several base-catalyzed reactions, such as Knoevenagel condensations and transesterification of ethylene carbonate with methanol to produce dimethyl carbonate, has been demonstrated. − Although C 3 N 4 and its composite materials have exhibited promising catalytic performance in the oxidation of biomass-derived compounds, ,, their catalytic roles as base catalysts for biomass valorization have been rarely explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating the Alkalinity of Carbon Nitride by Magnesium Doping to Boost the Selective Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose

Rehman

Hou

Bai

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Brønsted base catalyzed isomerization of glucose toward fructose is on the rise due to the high value and versatility of fructose in biorefinery. Herein, we report the discovery of alkali- and alkaline-earth-metal-doped carbon nitride (C3N4) as base catalysts for the selective isomerization of glucose to fructose. The characterizations proved that introducing a small quantity of alkali and alkaline-earth metals into C3N4 can remarkably improve the amount of strong basic sites. Among the tested materials, Mg-doped C3N4 afforded an excellent fructose yield (>32%) and selectivity (>84%) from a high loading (10 wt %) of glucose in water at 80 °C with the lowest apparent activation energy (107 kJ mol–1), far exceeding that of the pristine C3N4 material. Although more efforts are required to improve the reusability, the proof of strong alkalinity and superior catalytic performance should greatly extend the applications of metal-doped C3N4 materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating the Alkalinity of Carbon Nitride by Magnesium Doping to Boost the Selective Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose

Rehman

Hou

Bai

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Nowadays, typical heterogeneous photocatalysts for carbohydrates reforming are composite materials on the basis of wide-gap semiconductor oxides (predominantly, TiO 2 [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] as well as perovskites LaFeO 3 [ 12 , 13 ]), sulfides (Zn 1−x Cd x S [ 14 ], CdS/MoS 2 [ 15 , 16 ]), tungstates (BiWO 6 [ 17 ]), and metal-free compounds (g-C 3 N 4 [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]). They were tested in relation to light-driven hydrogen production from glucose [ 21 ], xylose [ 22 ], fructose [ 23 ], sucrose [ 24 ], cellulose [ 25 , 26 ], and lignocellulose [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Aqueous Solutions of Glucose and Xylose over Layered Perovskite-like Oxides HCa2Nb3O10, H2La2Ti3O10 and Their Inorganic-Organic Derivatives

et al. 2022

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Nowadays, the efficient conversion of plant biomass components (alcohols, carbohydrates, etc.) into more energy-intensive fuels, such as hydrogen, is one of the urgent scientific and technological problems. The present study is the first one focused on the photoinduced hydrogen evolution from aqueous D-glucose and D-xylose using layered perovskite-like oxides HCa2Nb3O10, H2La2Ti3O10, and their organically modified derivatives that have previously proven themselves as highly active photocatalysts. The photocatalytic performance was investigated for the bare compounds and products of their surface modification with a 1 mass. % Pt cocatalyst. The photocatalytic experiments followed an innovative scheme including dark stages as well as the control of the reaction suspension’s pH and composition. The study has revealed that the inorganic−organic derivatives of the layered perovskite-like oxides can provide efficient conversion of carbohydrates into hydrogen fuel, being up to 8.3 times more active than the unmodified materials and reaching apparent quantum efficiency of 8.8%. Based on new and previously obtained data, it was shown that the oxides’ interlayer space functions as an additional reaction zone in the photocatalytic hydrogen production and the contribution of this zone to the overall activity is dependent on the steric characteristics of the sacrificial agent used.

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“…For example, Zhao et al employed a band-engineered zinc–cadmium photocatalyst for lactic acid (LA) and hydrogen production . Bai et al produced gluconic and glucaric acid from a modified carbon nitride by introducing nitrogen defects . We and others have noted the importance of selectivity in the continued development of glucose photoreforming. ,− This importance derives from the complexity of biomass and downstream separation costs of biomass catalysis processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixture was irradiated for 10 min under visible light and then analyzed using ESR to check the production of hydroxyl ( • OH) and superoxide (O 2 − ) radicals. The site of C−C bond cleavage was identified using 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR). Photocatalyst experiments were carried out with 13 C glucose labeled at the C1 position.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unlocking Selective Pathways for Glucose Photoreforming by Modulating Reaction Conditions

Nwosu

Zhao

Kibria

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In this study, we present a systematic investigation of the relationship between the reaction conditions and product selectivity as applicable to glucose photoreforming. Nickel titanate (NiTiO3) nanorods were synthesized to examine the photocatalytic oxidation of glucose to value-added products at various substrate concentrations, reaction times, solvent pH values, solvent compositions, and reaction atmospheres. Varying the reaction conditions yielded two distinct glucose valorization pathways, producing arabinose and organic acids, respectively. We obtained up to 75% selectivity for arabinose in neutral conditions and 63% selectivity for organic acidslactic acid, acetic acid, and formic acidin alkaline conditions. Finally, we propose mechanisms for the selective production of value-added chemicals via glucose photoreforming by NiTiO3 and investigate the optimal conditions for arabinose production. This work demonstrates the complex dependence of glucose photoreforming on reaction conditions and the potential of reaction engineering to unlock selective photocatalytic mechanisms for biomass-derived substrates.

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Selective oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and glucaric acid with chlorin e6 modified carbon nitride as metal-free photocatalyst

Cited by 49 publications

References 70 publications

Regulating the Alkalinity of Carbon Nitride by Magnesium Doping to Boost the Selective Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose

Regulating the Alkalinity of Carbon Nitride by Magnesium Doping to Boost the Selective Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Aqueous Solutions of Glucose and Xylose over Layered Perovskite-like Oxides HCa2Nb3O10, H2La2Ti3O10 and Their Inorganic-Organic Derivatives

Unlocking Selective Pathways for Glucose Photoreforming by Modulating Reaction Conditions

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