Biorefinery which utilize lignocellulosic biomass as renewable energy source and sustainable carbon feedstock is a promising solution to alleviate the excessive dependence on depleting fossil resources and to address climate...

General overview of PEM electrolyzer and research status of key materials (e.g., membrane, electrocatalysts, gas diffusion layer and bipolar plate) are summarized. The degradation mechanisms under a real operating environment and future directions for developing PEM electrolyzer are discussed.

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