Selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol catalysed by ruthenium complexes containing phosphorus‐nitrogen ligands

Abstract

Two ruthenium (II) complexes containing heterobidentated phosphorous–nitrogen ligands were studied as homogeneous catalysts in the hydrogenation of furfural, a key step in the transformation of biomass to biofuels or renewable chemicals. The catalysts exhibited high percentages of conversion towards the formation of furfuryl alcohol. The studied ruthenium (II) complexes are able to maintain their catalytic activities in substrate/catalyst ratios ranging from 1000/1 to 6000/1. The reaction is sensitive to hydrogen pressure and the substrate concentration. The maximum conversion is achieved at a pressure of 40 bar and a substrate/catalyst ratio of 3000/1 (TOF 3000 h−1). In situ 1H‐NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis suggests that the presence of a phosphorous–nitrogen ligand improves the catalytic activity of the complex by stabilizing the intermediate ruthenium‐dihydride, which is considered the active species in the hydrogenation reactions.

Homogeneous Catalyzed Valorization of Furanics: A Sustainable Bridge to Fuels and Chemicals

“…The pre-catalyst showed enhanced activity and selectivity in the presence of HCOOH affording a highest TOF of 1060 h −1 . Recently, Aguirre studied the activity of Ru-NPN pincer complex with 0.033 mol%, producing FA in high yield (99%) at 120 • C under 20 bar H 2 in iPrOH [121].…”

A novel and highly efficient Zr-containing catalyst supported by biomass-derived sodium carboxymethyl cellulose for hydrogenation of furfural

“…With the development of heterogeneous catalytic technology, a variety of mono-metal based catalysts such as Zr, Cu, Ru, Ir, Co, Fe, Pd, Pt, etc. (Pang et al, 2014;Gong et al, 2019;Li et al, 2020;Qiu et al, 2020;Sohrabi et al, 2021;Valdebenito et al, 2021) and polymetallic catalysts such as Pt/Ge (Merlo et al, 2011), Cu/Fe (Yan and Chen, 2014), Cu/Mg/Al, etc. (Chen et al, 2018) have been developed, and the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to alcohols or esters using hydrogen as hydrogen source was also reported (Mariscal et al, 2016).…”

Uso de catalisadores de Ir e Rh em técnicas para hidrogenação de CO>sub<2>/sub< e Furfural

“…Considerando que a maior parte do CO2 antropogênica provém da queima de combustíveis fósseis [53][54][55][56][57] , uma estratégia para o desenvolver tecnologias sustentáveis para a substituição da energia gerada por esse tipo de atividade precisa ser proposta. Desta forma, uma alternativa interessante é a utilização de derivados da biomassa, como por exemplo o furfural [58][59][60][61] .…”

“…Nos últimos anos, a pesquisa com furfural vem despertando interesse da comunidade científica, em virtude de suas amplas funcionalidades na produção de produtos químicos e combustíveis de valor agregado [62][63][64][65][66][67][68] . Vários sistemas e metodologias catalíticas têm sido extensivamente explorados para a transformação desses furanos em uma série de produtos, incluindo álcoois e alcanos de cadeia longa [58][59][60] . Sendo assim, diversas propostas que incluem processos catalíticos envolvendo biomassa estão sendo descritos na literatura nos últimos anos [59][60][61][69][70][71][72] .…”

“…Vários sistemas e metodologias catalíticas têm sido extensivamente explorados para a transformação desses furanos em uma série de produtos, incluindo álcoois e alcanos de cadeia longa [58][59][60] . Sendo assim, diversas propostas que incluem processos catalíticos envolvendo biomassa estão sendo descritos na literatura nos últimos anos [59][60][61][69][70][71][72] .…”