Selective Extraction–Spectrophotometric Determination of Traces of Palladium in Catalysts

Optimized and validated spectrophotometric method for the determination of palladium(II) in synthetic mixture and automobile workshop area samples

“…2.4. Procedure for reference method (Safavi et al, 1997) Into a series of 150 mL separating funnels, an aliquot (0.159-8.33 mL) of 0.01% PdCl 2 solution (60.016 ppm Pd) corresponding to 9.5-500 lg Pd was taken and the pH of the solution was adjusted to pH 2 by adding dilute HCl or sodium hydroxide in a total volume of 50 mL distilled water. To each separating funnel, 5 mL of 1 • 10 À3 M 1,2-bis[methyl (2-aminocyclopentene carbodithioate)] ethane was added with 5 mL dichloromethane.…”

“…The amount of Pd(II) in ghala workshop area sample was obtained either from the calibration graph or the regression equation. The amount of Pd(II) in workshop area sample was also estimated by the reference method (Safavi et al, 1997).…”

“…Therefore, because of its increasing use and also due to toxicity of palladium(II) compounds to mammals, fish and higher plants (Lee, 1983), the determination of this pollutant in environmental matrices is of considerable importance for human exposure assessment and for the investigation of correlations with health effects. Several analytical methods have been reported based on atomic absorption spectrometry (Cetin et al, 2013;Tillery and Johnson, 1975;Tokalioglu et al, 2004;Chwastowska et al, 2004;Rojas et al, 2006;Liang et al, 2009), inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (Moldovan et al, 2003), differential pulse polarography (Dias and Nozaki, 1998), high performance liquid chromatography (Dong et al, 2006), derivative spectrophotometry (Vojkovic and Druskovic, 2003;Kumar et al, 2009), kinetic spectrophotometry (Niazi et al, 2008), extractive spectrophotometry (Kanetake and Otomo, 1988;Reddy et al, 2008;Safavi et al, 1997;Davis, 1969) and spectrophotometry (Mori et al, 1999;Marczenki and Kus, 1985;Otomo, 1963;Horiuchi and Nishida, 1967;Mizuno and Miyatani, 1976;Marczenki, 1986).…”

“…The determination of trace amounts of Pd in environmental samples required a preconcentration/separation procedure when relying on the reported methods (Cetin et al, 2013;Tillery and Johnson, 1975;Tokalioglu et al, 2004;Chwastowska et al, 2004;Rojas et al, 2006;Liang et al, 2009;Moldovan et al, 2003;Dias and Nozaki, 1998;Dong et al, 2006;Vojkovic and Druskovic, 2003;Kumar et al, 2009;Niazi et al, 2008;Kanetake and Otomo, 1988;Reddy et al, 2008;Safavi et al, 1997;Davis, 1969;Mori et al, 1999;Marczenki and Kus, 1985;Otomo, 1963;Horiuchi and Nishida, 1967;Mizuno and Miyatani, 1976;Marczenki, 1986), because of their very complex sample matrices. Conventional extractive spectrophotometric procedures for preconcentration and separation, although effective, are tedious, time-consuming, require large amount of sample and reagents and sometimes vulnerable to contamination and losses of analyte.…”

Electrochemistry of Mercury

“…It has been found that anionic form of this compound was oxidized to yield a radical. Safavi and Gholivand [117] have shown that reduction of di(2-iminocyclopentylidine mercapto methyl) disulfide to its monomer in DMSO is not a simple two-electron transfer process, but it occurs via mercury complex formation. At high concentrations, this process was accompanied by diffusive reversible oxidation.…”