Selective Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Permanent Magnet Scraps with Membrane Solvent Extraction

Kim, Daejin; Powell, Lawrence; Delmau, Lætitia H.; Peterson, Eric S.; Herchenroeder, Jim; Bhave, Ramesh R.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01306

Cited by 108 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The above proposed mechanism was derived based upon the slope analysis method as explained previously and it was again well supported by the mechanism proposed in the literature review [22][23][24][25][26] . Apart of which the association H + ion and extractant species during complex formation of organo-phosphorous reagents are rational with this study and so as the works reported by researchers for extraction of numerous REEs using these reagents.…”

Section: Solvent Extraction (Liquid-liquid Extraction) Mechanism Thesupporting

confidence: 56%

Environmentally friendly comprehensive hydrometallurgical method development for neodymium recovery from mixed rare earth aqueous solutions using organo-phosphorus derivatives

Ruiz

Kuchi

Parhi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Rare earth elements (REEs) have obtained a greatest significant in human lives owing to their important roles in various high technology applications. The present method development was deal technology important REEs such as neodymium, terbium and dysprosium, selective extraction with possible separation and recovery studies, successfully. The chloride mediated mixed aqueous solution containing 1500 mg/L each of REEs such as Nd, Tb and Dy was subjected at selective separation of Nd from other associated REEs. Three organo-phosphorous based commercial extracting agents such as Cyanex 272, PC 88A and D2EHPA, were employed for the extraction, possible separation and recovery of rare earth elements. A comparative extraction behavior of all these three extractants as function of time, pH influence, extractant concentration, temperature and diluents were systematically investigated. The extraction tendency of organo-phosphorus reagents towards the extraction of either of the REEs follows of the sequence as: D2EHPA > PC 88A > Cyanex 272. The thermodynamic behavior of either of the extractants on liquid–liquid extraction processing of REEs was investigated and thermodynamic calculations were calculated and presented. Substantial recovery of neodymium oxalate followed by its calcined product as neodymium oxide was ascertained from XRD study and SEM–EDS analysis.

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Section: Solvent Extraction (Liquid-liquid Extraction) Mechanism Thesupporting

confidence: 56%

Environmentally friendly comprehensive hydrometallurgical method development for neodymium recovery from mixed rare earth aqueous solutions using organo-phosphorus derivatives

Ruiz

Kuchi

Parhi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…D A and D B are the distribution ratios of the two metals compared [10]. If the only reactions occurring were those shown in Eq.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2015 at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, a process with membrane solvent extraction was conducted comparing the extraction of REEs from a neodymium magnet leachate with Cyanex 923 and TODGA. With TODGA, Nd, Dy, and Pr were selectively recovered with no co-extraction of non-REEs such as Fe and B [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Leaching of Neodymium Magnet Waste and Solvent Extraction of the Rare-Earth Elements Using TODGA

Gergorić

Ekberg

Foreman

et al. 2017

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The rare-earth elements (REEs) are considered as some of the most critical elements in the EU and the USA today. E-scrap, such as end-of-life neodymium magnets, could be a viable secondary source for the recovery of these elements. Neodymium magnets (NdFeB) consist of considerable amounts of Nd, Dy, Pr, and some other REEs, depending on the specific application. Apart from REEs, neodymium magnets are made up of around 60% iron, which can pose a challenge in their recycling. For example, iron can be dissolved along with other elements during leaching or co-extracted during solvent extraction. In this work, extraction of REEs with TODGA (tetraoctyl-diglycolamide) from a real leachate, obtained by neodymium magnet powder dissolution in nitric acid, was studied. The goal was to selectively extract the REEs from other elements in the solution. TODGA was used as the extracting agent due to its selective extraction properties for REEs and other f-block elements. The influence of the diluent on the overall extraction and the selectivity of the extraction was studied in order to determine application feasibility of future processes. To this end, experiments using Solvent 70 (hydrocarbons C11-C14, B0.5 wt% aromatics), hexane, toluene, cyclohexanone and 1-octanol as the diluents were performed. TODGA has shown good selectivity between REEs and other elements in solution under almost all conditions, reaching the highest distribution ratios of REEs in the aliphatic diluents, while the distribution ratios of other non-REEs reach a mere value of 0.1. An exception was cyclohexanone, which has the ability to extract small amounts of ions itself. The highest separation factors between Dy and the light REEs (Nd and Pr) were observed with a 0.01 M solution of TODGA in Solvent 70. REEs, as group, were extracted with 0.1 M solutions of TODGA in all diluents except for cyclohexanone, which led to extraction of Al and B at amounts greater than 10%. Stripping with over 98% efficiency was achieved using MQ water in one step.

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“…Several studies recently reported the extraction and separation of Ln from transition metals or other Ln species. For instance, a hollow fibre membrane system combined with neutral extractants, such as tetraoctyldiglycolamide, was shown to selectively recover Ln species 4 5 . A metal–organic framework based on homochiral camphorate derivatives, which exhibits ionic radii selective crystallization, was applied to separate light and heavy Ln 3+ (ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationally designed mineralization for selective recovery of the rare earth elements

Hatanaka

Matsugami²,

Nonaka

et al. 2017

Nat Commun

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The increasing demand for rare earth (RE) elements in advanced materials for permanent magnets, rechargeable batteries, catalysts and lamp phosphors necessitates environmentally friendly approaches for their recovery and separation. Here, we propose a mineralization concept for direct extraction of RE ions with Lamp (lanthanide ion mineralization peptide). In aqueous solution containing various metal ions, Lamp promotes the generation of RE hydroxide species with which it binds to form hydrophobic complexes that accumulate spontaneously as insoluble precipitates, even under physiological conditions (pH ∼6.0). This concept for stabilization of an insoluble lanthanide hydroxide complex with an artificial peptide also works in combination with stable scaffolds like synthetic macromolecules and proteins. Our strategy opens the possibility for selective separation of target metal elements from seawater and industrial wastewater under mild conditions without additional energy input.

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Selective Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Permanent Magnet Scraps with Membrane Solvent Extraction

Cited by 108 publications

References 24 publications

Environmentally friendly comprehensive hydrometallurgical method development for neodymium recovery from mixed rare earth aqueous solutions using organo-phosphorus derivatives

Environmentally friendly comprehensive hydrometallurgical method development for neodymium recovery from mixed rare earth aqueous solutions using organo-phosphorus derivatives

Characterization and Leaching of Neodymium Magnet Waste and Solvent Extraction of the Rare-Earth Elements Using TODGA

Rationally designed mineralization for selective recovery of the rare earth elements

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