Selective extraction of light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples with pseudo-template thin-film molecularly imprinted polymers

Egli, Stefana N.; Butler, Erika D.; Bottaro, Christina S.

doi:10.1039/c4ay02849j

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Aqueous sample analyses have traditionally used liquid-liquid extraction sample preparation [5][6] , requiring significant time and quantities of hazardous solvents. Alternative aqueous extraction procedures have been developed, including solid phase extraction 23 , solid phase microextraction (SPME) 4 , stir bar sorptive extraction 7 , molecularly imprinted polymers 12 , and membrane extraction [9][10][11] . Soils, sediments, and biota are often a sink for PAHs because of favourable organic partitioning behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Analysis of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Aqueous Samples Using Condensed Phase Membrane Introduction Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Low-Energy Liquid Electron Ionization

et al. 2018

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Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are listed as priority pollutants by the US EPA. PAH contaminated samples often require extensive sample cleanup before analysis, with the method used dependent upon the sample matrix. We present condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry with liquid electron ionization (CP-MIMS-LEI) as a sensitive and universal technique that can directly analyze both aqueous and soil samples for PAHs without the need for sample clean up or instrumental modifications for different matrices. The method uses a semi-permeable hollow fibre membrane immersion probe to transfer analytes from complex samples into a solvent acceptor phase that is directly entrained at nanoliter/min flows to an LEI interfaced mass spectrometer. The resulting aerosol is desolvated under vacuum leading to analyte vaporization and subsequent electron ionization. Electron energy and LEI vaporization capillary position were examined and optimized for PAHs. The CP-MIMS probe was directly immersed in complex aqueous matrices, demonstrating low ng/L PAH detection limits and response times of ≤1.6 minutes. For soil sample analysis, 2-propanol was found to be the optimal PAH sampling solvent. Soil samples were briefly sonicated in 2-propanol, followed by direct CP-MIMS measurement. Soil sample throughput was ca 15 samples per hour, with PAH quantitation successful at μg/kg levels. The workflow is remarkably simple, fast, green, and leads to reproducible results that enable high throughput screening of heterogeneous soil samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Analysis of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Aqueous Samples Using Condensed Phase Membrane Introduction Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Low-Energy Liquid Electron Ionization

et al. 2018

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“…The use of basic apparatus such as a separatory funnel and rotary evaporator, along with a suitable nonpolar solvent, such as hexane, dichloromethane, or mixture of both, have been used to isolate PAHs from water (Gong, Wilke, Alef, Li, & Zhou, 2006). This technique often involves SPE or gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with different adsorbent phases, while others include membrane‐based extractions such as liquid‐phase micro‐extractions and membrane‐assisted extraction (Egli, Butler, & Bottaro, 2015; Hussain et al, 2018; Martinez, Gros, Lacorte, & Barceló, 2004; Munyeza, Dikale, Rohwer, & Forbes, 2018). The selective removal of PAHs from water has been optimized and over 90 % extraction efficiency has been recorded, as well as the capacity of SPE to isolate target PAHs in trace amounts (Egli et al, 2015).…”

Section: Extraction and Membrane Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique often involves SPE or gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with different adsorbent phases, while others include membrane‐based extractions such as liquid‐phase micro‐extractions and membrane‐assisted extraction (Egli, Butler, & Bottaro, 2015; Hussain et al, 2018; Martinez, Gros, Lacorte, & Barceló, 2004; Munyeza, Dikale, Rohwer, & Forbes, 2018). The selective removal of PAHs from water has been optimized and over 90 % extraction efficiency has been recorded, as well as the capacity of SPE to isolate target PAHs in trace amounts (Egli et al, 2015). Graphitic carbon nitride derivatives have been reported as sorbents for solid‐phase microextraction of PAHs, with recoveries in the range of 83.3%–103.0% (Feng, Huang, Guo, Liu, & Zhang, 2020; Nian, Wang, Wang, & Zuo, 2019).…”

Section: Extraction and Membrane Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in water treatment technologies for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Existing concepts, emerging trends, and future prospects

Adeola

Forbes

2020

Water Environment Research

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In the last two decades, environmental experts have focused on the development of several biological, chemical, physical, and thermal methods/technologies for remediation of PAH‐polluted water. Some of the findings have been applied to field‐scale treatment, while others have remained as prototypes and semi‐pilot studies. Existing treatment options include extraction, chemical oxidation, bioremediation, photocatalytic degradation, and adsorption (employing adsorbents such as biomass derivatives, geosorbents, zeolites, mesoporous silica, polymers, nanocomposites, and graphene‐based materials). Electrokinetic remediation, advanced phytoremediation, green nanoremediation, enhanced remediation using biocatalysts, and integrated approaches are still at the developmental stage and hold great potential. Water is an essential component of the ecosystem and highly susceptible to PAH contamination due to crude oil exploration and spillage, and improper municipal and industrial waste management, yet comprehensive reviews on PAH remediation are only available for contaminated soils, despite the several treatment methods developed for the remediation of PAH‐polluted water. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of existing and emerging methods/technologies, in order to bridge information gaps toward ensuring a green and sustainable remedial approach for PAH‐contaminated aqueous systems. Practitioner points Comprehensive review of existing and emerging technologies for remediation of PAH‐polluted water. Factors influencing efficiency of various methods, challenges and merits were discussed. Green nano‐adsorbents, nano‐oxidants and bio/phytoremediation are desirous for ecofriendly and economical PAH remediation. Adoption of an integrated approach for the efficient and sustainable remediation of PAH‐contaminated water is recommended.

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“…The complexity and weak interactions in non-covalent printing, however, need to be carefully considered to control the nature of the introduction of non-covalent MIPs. Non-covalent MIPs applications have the advantage of separating the template from the polymer in terms of incubation time 10,11 . The synthesis of MIPs that has been carried out previously has used a covalent approach 12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncovalently D-arabinitol Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) to Identify Different Sugar Alcohols

et al. 2021

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Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are an effective method for separating enantiomeric compounds. The main objective of this research is to synthesize D-arabinitol MIPs, which can selectively separate D-arabinitol and its potential application to differentiate it from its enantiomer compound through a non-covalent approach. A macroporous polymer was synthesized using D-arabinitol as a template, acrylamide as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) being a cross-linker, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) being a porogen, as well as benzoyl peroxide being an initiator. After polymer synthesis, D-arabinitol was removed by a mixture of methanol and acetic acid (4:1, v/v). Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) distinguished the MIPs and NIPs. A selectivity test of MIPs against its enantiomers (L-arabinitol, xylitol, adonitol, and glucose) was carried out using the batch rebinding method. The binding site was quantitatively determined using the Langmuir equation. The results of the selectivity test showed that the MIPs produced was quite selective toward its enantiomer and could potentially be used to separate D-arabinitol from its enantiomer.

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Selective extraction of light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples with pseudo-template thin-film molecularly imprinted polymers

Abstract: Fast, low-tech fabrication of thin-film MIPs. Toluene pseudo-template MIP to uptake PAHs in distilled water, seawater and wastewater.

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Direct Analysis of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Aqueous Samples Using Condensed Phase Membrane Introduction Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Low-Energy Liquid Electron Ionization

Direct Analysis of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Aqueous Samples Using Condensed Phase Membrane Introduction Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Low-Energy Liquid Electron Ionization

Advances in water treatment technologies for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Existing concepts, emerging trends, and future prospects

Noncovalently D-arabinitol Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) to Identify Different Sugar Alcohols

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