Selective electron beam surface alloying of aluminum with TiCN nanoparticles

Angelov, V.; Ormanova, Maria; Kaisheva, Darina; Lazarova, R.; Dimitrova, Rositsa; Petrov, P.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2018.12.007

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For example, using the linear manner of scanning (i.e., dithering, Figure 2a), the cooling rate is significantly higher in comparison with the circular one (Figure 2b). The use of circular geometry of scanning leads to a longer lifetime of the melt pool due to the overlap of the beam trajectory (Figure 3a,b) [18]. As a result, the distribution of the alloying elements within the alloyed zone is much more homogeneous [19].…”

Section: Electron-beam Surface Treatment: Heat Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these experiments are designed as follows: the specimen is irradiated by a high-intensity pulsed electron beam and higher values of τ lead to higher irradiation time and input energy density, respectively [13]. [18]. (Reproduced with permission from ref.…”

Section: Electron-beam Surface Treatment: Heat Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In (2): α-thermal diffusivity ( = ); λ-thermal conductivity; c-specific heat; ρ-density of the material. In this case the heat distribution of the electron beam is related to that of the heat source f(r,t) at location r and time t. The solution of Equation ( 1) can be expressed by three dimensional Green's function and is given as follows [23]: scanning frequency [18]. (Reproduced with permission from ref.…”

Section: Electron-beam Surface Treatment: Heat Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the incident electrons lose their energy in other forms: reflected electrons, heat radiation, secondary electrons or X-rays, as shown in Figure 4. [18]. (Reproduced with permission from ref.…”

Section: Electron-beam Surface Treatment: Heat Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Electron-Beam Surface Treatment of Metals and Alloys: Techniques and Trends

Valkov

Ormanova

Petrov

2020

Metals

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During the last decades, electron-beam treatment technologies (EBTT) have been widely used for surface modification of metals and alloys. The EBT methods are known as accurate and efficient. They have many advantages in comparison with the conventional techniques, such as very short technological process time, uniform distribution of the energy of the electron beam, which allows a precise control of the beam parameters and formed structure and properties of the materials, etc. Moreover, electron-beam treatment technologies are a part of the additive techniques, which are known as modern methods for manufacturing of new materials with unique functional properties. Currently, modern trends in the surface treatment of metals and alloys are based on the combination of electron-beam technologies with other methods, such as thin film deposition, plasma nitriding, etc. This approach results in a significant improvement in the surface properties of the materials which opens new potential applications and can involve them into new industrial fields. This paper aims to summarize the topics related to the manufacturing and surface treatment of metals and alloys by means of electron-beam technologies. Based on a literature review, the development and growth of EBT are considered in details. The benefits of these technologies—as well as their combination with other methods—are extensively discussed.

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Section: Electron-beam Surface Treatment: Heat Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electron-beam Surface Treatment: Heat Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electron-beam Surface Treatment: Heat Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electron-beam Surface Treatment: Heat Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electron-Beam Surface Treatment of Metals and Alloys: Techniques and Trends

Valkov

Ormanova

Petrov

2020

Metals

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“…The discussed technological conditions were selected in order to reach the highest cooling rate without melting the surface of the Co-Cr substrate during treatment. The temperature during the treatment process on the surface of the electron beam-modified specimen was evaluated according to a numerical model published elsewhere [24,25]. It was found that the sample was heated to about 1350 • C by applying the discussed technological parameters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Electron Beam Treatment of Co–Cr Alloy on the Growing Mechanism, Surface Topography, and Mechanical Properties of Deposited TiN/TiO2 Coatings

et al. 2019

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This study examines the effect of electron beam treatment (EBT) of Co-Cr substrate on the film growth mechanism, mechanical properties, and surface topography of TiN/TiO 2 coatings deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. The obtained results and processes that occurred during the deposition are discussed in the context of crystallographic principles, and special attention is paid to the crystallographic orientation and growth mechanism studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties were investigated by means of nanoindentation and wear tests. The surface topography was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results obtained in the present study showed that polycrystalline TiN and anatase TiO 2 phases were present in all cases. Electron beam treatment of Co-Cr substrate tended to form a reorientation of the microvolumes from (111) to (200) of TiN, leading to a change in the growth mechanism from three-dimensional (Volmer-Weber) to layer-by-layer (Frank-van der Merwe). It was found that the electron beam treatment process did not significantly affect the thickness of the coatings and the deposition rate. The treatment process led to an increase in surface roughness. The higher surface roughness after the EBT process should be appropriate to support cell growth and adhesion on the surface of the deposited bilayer coating. It was demonstrated that EBT of the substrate caused a decrease in hardness of the deposited coatings from 10 to 5 GPa. The observed decrease in hardness was attributed to the change in the preferred crystallographic orientation and film growth mechanism. The hardness of the bilayer coating after the application of EBT of the Co-Cr substrate was much closer to that of human bones, which means that severe stress shielding effect could not be expected. The evaluated coefficient of friction (COF) exhibited significantly lower values in the case of EBT of the substrate compared to the untreated Co-Cr material.resistance, which depends mostly on the surface properties and can be overcome by appropriate surface modification technologies [4].During the last decades, considerable attention has been paid to surface manufacturing of materials by high-energy fluxes (HEFs) (i.e., electron and laser beams). In these technologies, the electrons or photon fluxes interact with the surface of the sample, heat the treated area, and form a thermal distribution. The rate of heating and cooling can be characterized by quite high values (about 10 5 -10 6 K/s), which lead to some structural changes in the functional properties [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The authors of [11] demonstrated an innovative approach for controlling the surface topography and tribological behavior of biomedical alloys, such as Ti6Al4V, by means of electron beam surface treatment. Other researchers [12,13] have successfully demonstrated the possibilities for enhancing the wear and corrosion properties of steel by the formation of carbon fiber-reinforced Ni-based composite coatings via laser cladding. Laser beam technologie...

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Investigation of the microstructure and the thermal processes in a Ti6Al4V alloy surface-modified by scanning electron beam

Ormanova

Nikolova

Angelov

et al. 2020

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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We present a study of the microstructure, the microhardness and the thermal processes taking place in a Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti64) surface-modified by means of a scanning electron beam. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical metallography were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the samples. A heat model based on solving the heat-transfer equation by Green functions was applied to calculate the temperature fields and depth of the structural changes in the titanium alloy. In particular, the effect was assessed of the scanning beam current during the process of surface modification on the structure and morphology of the layers.

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Selective electron beam surface alloying of aluminum with TiCN nanoparticles

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Electron-Beam Surface Treatment of Metals and Alloys: Techniques and Trends

Electron-Beam Surface Treatment of Metals and Alloys: Techniques and Trends

Influence of Electron Beam Treatment of Co–Cr Alloy on the Growing Mechanism, Surface Topography, and Mechanical Properties of Deposited TiN/TiO2 Coatings

Investigation of the microstructure and the thermal processes in a Ti6Al4V alloy surface-modified by scanning electron beam

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