Selective Electrochemical Pesticide Sensor Modified with “Click Electrochemistry” between Cobaltphthalocyanine and 4-Azidoaniline

Abstract

A selective and highly sensitive electrochemical pesticide sensor (EPS) was constructed for the first time in this study with a new electrode modification technique, called "click electrochemistry" (CEC). With CEC technique, a cobalt phthalocyanine bearing alkyne terminal substituents (TA-CoPc) was electrochemically bonded to the azide groups of poly 4-azidoaniline (ANI-N 3 ) which was previously electropolymerized on a glassy carbon electrode and consequently a modified electrode (GCE/PANI-N 3 /TA-CoPc was constructed. Constructed EPS electrode was characterized with electrochemical, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. Voltammetric analysis of the electrode indicated that EPS electrode gave aniline and CoPc based redox couples in aqueous solution, which are the fundamental requirements of a functional material for the electrochemical sensor applications. Thus this electrode was tested as a possible EPS with SWV, EIS and double potential step chronocoulometry (DPSCC) techniques. EPS electrode gave different redox peaks during interaction with different pesticides which indicated selectivity for especially eserine, parathion, carbaryl, and carbofuran pesticides. EPS electrode was introduced as an excellent selective and reproducible electrochemical pesticide sensor.

Electrochemical nanoarchitectonics and layer-by-layer assembly: From basics to future

“…An alkyne bearing cobalt phthalocyanine was successfully coupled to the polymer film, allowing detection of eserine. Recently, this system has been tested for a wide range of pesticides, demonstrating good linearity and detection limits much lower than the maximum residue limits defined in the European Union pesticides database [369].…”

Electropolymerization of Metallophthalocyanines Carrying Redox Active Metal Centers and their Electrochemical Pesticide Sensing Application

“…In order to solve these limitations, novel enzymeless biosensors (ElessBS) have been extensively studied. Metal oxides and transition metal's organic compounds, e. g. metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) were investigated as the sensitive and selective ElessBS . For example, J. Gong and coworkers constructed a sensitive enzymeless organophosphate pesticides (OPs) sensor by using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated graphene nanosheets (GNs) modified glassy carbon electrode and they measured detection limit and linear range of 0.6 ng mL −1 and 0.2–1.0 μg mL −1 for methyl parathion (MP) by using stripping voltammetric methods .…”

“…Therefore, the studies based on stable, selective and sensitive pesticide biosensors are still take great attention. Over the past few years, one of the functional materials studied as the selective and stable ElessBS are metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) . MPcs have been extensively studied in various technological fields as well as sensor applications due to the high thermal and chemical stabilities and excellent redox activities.…”

“…MPcs have been extensively studied in various technological fields as well as sensor applications due to the high thermal and chemical stabilities and excellent redox activities. MPc can be modified with desired redox active metal ions and functional substituents, which alters redox richness and some basic physicochemical properties of MPcs in order to reach to desired functionalities for the target applications . Studies reported in the literature illustrated usability of MPcs as pesticide sensors .…”

“…Studies reported in the literature illustrated usability of MPcs as pesticide sensors . Therefore, our studies have been canalized to the synthesis and usage of various MPcs as selective and sensitive pesticide sensors , . Our previous studies clearly indicated that the metal center and substituents of MPcs and the electrode modification techniques considerably influenced the sensing properties of these complexes.…”