Selective detection of bacteria in urine with a long-range surface plasmon waveguide biosensor

Béland, Paul; Krupin, Oleksiy; Berini, Pierre

doi:10.1364/boe.6.002908

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We previously demonstrated the ability of straight LRSPP waveguides to detect small changes in the bulk refractive index of solutions and the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) [13], to perform immunological blood typing of human red blood cells [14], to detect dengue antibody and antigen in infected patient blood plasma [15,16], to selectively detect gram negative or gram positive bacteria in human urine [17], and to detect leukemic markers in patient blood serum [18]. The surface sensitivity and optimization of straight waveguide biosensors were also discussed [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-range surface plasmon Y-junctions for referenced biosensing

Wong¹,

Adikan²,

Berini³

2015

Opt. Express

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Long-range surface plasmon Y-junctions are demonstrated as sensors for the detection of bulk refractive index changes in solution and for protein binding. Using a fully-cladded Au stripe waveguide as a reference channel, common drift and noise in the system can be eliminated, relaxing the need for precise optical alignments. The performance of the structure is discussed theoretically, then bulk sensing is carried out experimentally with five solutions of different refractive indices, and protein sensing is demonstrated through physisorption of bovine serum albumin on a carboxyl-terminated Au stripe. The Y-junction biosensor demonstrated a very good ability to perform drift and noise suppression for fast and accurate biosensing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-range surface plasmon Y-junctions for referenced biosensing

Wong¹,

Adikan²,

Berini³

2015

Opt. Express

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“…Plasmonic based sensors based on Pd confine the E-field directly on the Pd surface which can greatly increase sensitivity. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) has been demonstrated in various implementations, particularly in the form of Pd nanoantennas or nanodisks [45]. SPR-based optical sensors fit nicely into this regime as they provide the benefits of optical detection while also having strong surface sensitivity from the plasmonic response of Pd under H absorption.…”

Section: Sensor and Detection Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The membrane material is Cytop, which is a low-refractive index (~1.34) soft and flexible amorphous fluoropolymer, previously demonstrated in other LRSPP devices [40][41][42][43][44][45] . The sensors are fabricated on 2" silicon wafers which are patterned and wet etched to form the membrane 46 .…”

Section: Sensing Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Sensing with Long-Range Surface Plasmon Membrane Waveguides

Fong¹

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This integrated article thesis presents the full design, fabrication, characterization and testing of a long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) cladded membrane waveguide hydrogen gas (H 2 ) sensor with integrated grating couplers.The sensor, which is the first of its kind to be demonstrated in the literature, features a thin gold (Au) stripe embedded in an ultra-thin free standing Cytop membrane with palladium (Pd) transducer. The design is performed through finite element method (FEM) optical modeling of the LRSPP waveguide and gratings. The non-trivial fabrication process utilizes facilities at Carleton University and the University of Ottawa and is presented in detail. The process involves multi-layer dielectric deposition, blind double-sided wafer alignment, multiple metal depositions using photolithography and ebeam lithography as well as a through-wafer silicon wet etch step. The devices are passively characterized using an optical cutback technique comparing the observed waveguide attenuation to that of simulated values showing good agreement. Sensing tests are performed with hydrogen concentrations up to 3%. A best detection limit of 290 ppm is observed with a response time of 7 s to 0.6% H 2 (99.4%N 2 ). The sensor has the capability of a higher dynamic range than other thin film sensors while other simple adjustments are discussed that can be applied to improve overall performance.iii

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“…Illustration 4 (a) (Adapted from [31,48]) Photoexcitation processes following the illumination of a metal nanoparticle with a femtosecond laser pulse; the excitation of a localized surface plasmon redirects the flow of light (Poynting vector) towards and into the nanoparticle, (b) (Adapted from [46]) Simulation of field enhancement in a plasmonic bow-tie nanoantenna and the resulting electron trajectories 32…”

Section: List Of Illustrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are plasma oscillations of free electrons coupled with optical fields localized along the interface of a metal and a dielectric [33,34]. SPPs are promising for several applications including optical data centre interconnects [25,35,36,37], solar cells [38,39,40] and bio(chemical) sensors [41,42,43,44,45,46]. In such applications surface plasmons (SPs) are excited by light and supported on a variety of metal and dielectric structures including planar arrangements of metal and dielectric films [47], metal gratings (or hole arrays) [36,48,49], a prism [50], a metal edge [51,52], and metal nanoparticles such as islands, spheres and rods [53,54], or nanoantennas [55,56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Plasmon-Polariton Schottky Photodetectors

Alavirad¹

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This article thesis presents the full design, fabrication, characterization and testing of two surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) photodetectors operating at telecommunication wavelengths.Surface plasmon photodetectors are of great current interest. Such detectors typically combine a metallic structure that supports surface plasmons with a photodetection structure based on internal photoemission or electron-hole pair creation. We present two metal nano-structures supporting SPPs, integrated into a silicon-based Schottky-contact photodetector: an array of nanoantennas and nano-gratings. In both structures, incident photons coupled to the array excite SPPs on the gold (Au) nanowires of the antennas which decay by creating "hot" carriers in the metal. The hot carriers may then be injected over the potential barrier at the Au-Si interface resulting in a photocurrent.A metal grating is used to couple perpendicularly-incident light to SPPs propagating along a thin metal patch forming a Schottky contact to p-Si. The responsivity is enhanced by the absorption of SPPs directly along the Schottky contact leading to the creation of hot holes near the contact. Our measurements reveal a high responsivity of ~13 mA/W at telecom wavelengths (~1550 nm) and under low reverse bias. The responsivity increases with reverse bias. The optical bandwidth (FWHM) is ~80 nm. These detectors have many important advantages such as speed, simplicity, compatibility with silicon, and low-cost fabrication.In the nanoantenna case, high responsivities of 100 mA/W and practical minimum detectable powers of −12 dBm should be achievable near 1550 nm which makes monitoring of the spectral response very easy. The device was then investigated for use as a biosensor by computing its bulk and surface sensitivities. Sensitivities of ∼250 nm/RIU (bulk) and ∼8 nm/nm (surface) in water are predicted. We identify the mode propagating and resonating along the nanowires of the iii antennas, we apply a transmission line model to describe the performance of the antennas, and we extract two useful formulas to predict their bulk and surface sensitivities. As a biosensor, this structure offers significant advantages as it simplifies the interrogation setup: only the photocurrent generated by the device needs to be monitored, and the excitation optics (bottom) is physically separated from the micro-fluidics (top) by the device. We also propose a Schottky contact photodetector based on electrically-contacted Au nanoantennas on p-Si for the plasmonic detection of sub-bandgap photons in the optical communications wavelength range. This highly compact component is very promising for applications in high-density Si photonic integration.iv

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Selective detection of bacteria in urine with a long-range surface plasmon waveguide biosensor

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Long-range surface plasmon Y-junctions for referenced biosensing

Long-range surface plasmon Y-junctions for referenced biosensing

Hydrogen Sensing with Long-Range Surface Plasmon Membrane Waveguides

Surface Plasmon-Polariton Schottky Photodetectors

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