Selective Deoxygenation of Sludge Palm Oil into Diesel Range Fuel over Mn-Mo Supported on Activated Carbon Catalyst

Abstract

Originating from deoxygenation (DO) technology, green diesel was innovated in order to act as a substitute for biodiesel, which contains unstable fatty acid alkyl ester owing to the existence of oxygenated species. Green diesel was manufactured following a process of catalytic DO of sludge palm oil (SPO). An engineered Mn(0.5%)-Mo(0.5%)/AC catalyst was employed in a hydrogen-free atmosphere. The influence of Manganese (Mn) species (0.1–1 wt.%) on DO reactivity and the dissemination of the product were examined. The Mn(0.5%)-Mo(0.5%)/AC formulation gave rise to a superior harvest of approximately 89% liquid hydrocarbons; a higher proportion of diesel fraction selectivity n-(C15+C17) was obtained in the region of 93%. Where acid and basic active sites were present on the Mn(0.5%)-Mo(0.5%)/AC catalyst, decarboxylation and decarbonylation reaction mechanisms of SPO to DO were enhanced. Evidence of the high degree of stability of the Mn(0.5%)-Mo(0.5%)/AC catalyst during five continuous runs was presented, which, in mild reaction conditions, gave rise to a consistent hydrocarbon harvest of >72% and >94% selectivity for n-(C15+C17).

Efficient and Stable Rice Husk Bioderived Silica Supported Cu2S-FeS for One Pot Esterification and Transesterification of a Malaysian Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

“…A diffractometer (Shimadzu, model XRD 6000, Duisburg, Germany) was used to perform XRD and to establish the catalyst's crystalline profile. Debye-Scherrer's formula was used to compute the specimens' crystallite size D (D = β hkl × 0.9 × 1.5438/Cos (θ)) [60]. A temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) technique (ThermoScientific TPDRO 1100, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to ascertain the active site density and the catalyst acid strength; the probe molecule employed was A reactor equipped with a thermal conductivity detector was used for the experiment, into which 0.07 g catalyst was inserted and then subjected to a temperature of 150 • C for 45 min.…”

Vertical growth of a 3D Ni–Co-LDH/N-doped graphene aerogel: a cost-effective and high-performance sulfur host for Li–S batteries

“…Consequently, this approach significantly enhances the cycling efficiency of the electrodes. [16][17][18][19][20][21] Furthermore, it has been found that the synergic effects of adsorption and electrocatalytic capabilities significantly impede the dissolution of polysulfides and effectively reduce the shuttle effect. 22 There is a growing consensus that layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are the promising choice for this purpose.…”