Selective and sensitive trace analysis of sulfur mustard with thermal desorption and two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Oostdijk, J.P.; Degenhardt, Carla E. A. M.; Trap, Henk C.; Langenberg, J.P.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.053

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It should be mentioned that the sensitivity of this method is enough for toxicokinetic studies of SM in rats, although it is lower than the previously reported large volume thermodesorption injection GC-MS methods (Langenberg et al 1998;Oostdijk et al 2007). The major advantages of this method are rapid, convenient and efficient for the determination of unstable intact SM in biomedical samples.…”

Section: Lc-ms/ms Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In addition, the result of so high level of SM detected was doubted by other researchers. More recently, gas chromatography (GC; Maisonneuve et al 1992) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS; Langenberg et al 1998;Oostdijk et al 2007) were developed and used to detect SM in biological samples. The GC or GC-MS analysis has high sensitivity and selectivity, by which the SM toxicokinetics in blood were initially studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method provides a powerful alternative to analyze intact SM in biological samples conveniently and expeditiously. Since highly reactive SM in biological matrices is immediately transformed into relatively stable derivatized product and analyzed by LC-MS/MS, which is more moderate compared with the GC-MS/MS method (Langenberg et al 1998;Oostdijk et al 2007) as high-temperature heating procedure is not involved, the real situation and concentration of in vivo intact SM can be better monitored. In this paper, this method is improved and validated to analyze intact SM in biomedical samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Accumulation of intact sulfur mustard in adipose tissue and toxicokinetics by chemical conversion and isotope-dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Zong

Zhang

et al. 2016

Arch Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

product, the real concentration of intact SM in biological samples was obtained accurately. The toxicokinetics and tissue distribution studies of intact SM in rats were successfully profiled by the novel method after intravenous (10 mg/kg) or cutaneous administration (1, 3 and 10 mg/ kg). The SM level in blood with peak time at 30-60 min determined in cutaneous exposure experiment was found much higher than previously reported, and the mean residence time in blood extended to 1-1.5 h. A significant accumulation of intact SM was observed in adipose tissues, including the perirenal fat, epididymal fat, subcutaneous fat and brown fat, in which the concentrations of SM were at least 15 times greater than those in non-adipose tissues in cutaneous exposed rats. The recovery of SM in body fat was calculated as 3.3 % of bioavailable SM (the bioavailability after cutaneous exposure was evaluated as 16 %). Thus, the adipose tissue was important for SM distribution and toxicity, which may pioneer a new model for both the prevention and treatment of SM exposure.Abstract Sulfur mustard (SM) is a powerful vesicant and one of the most harmful chemical warfare agents. Although having been studied for a long time, it is still difficult to fully elucidate the mechanisms of SM poisoning, and there is no effective antidote or specific treatment for SM injury. The investigations on toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of SM will help to understand its toxicity and provide a theoretical basis for pretreatment and therapy of SM poisoning. But the metabolic trajectory or fate of intact SM in vivo remains unclear, and there are insufficient experimental data to elucidate, due to its high reactivity and difficulty in biomedical sample analysis. In this paper, a sensitive method for the detection and quantification of intact SM in blood or tissues using isotope-dilution LC-MS/ MS coupled with chemical conversion was developed. By transforming highly reactive SM into stable derivative Bin Xu and Cheng Zong have contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (

show abstract

Section: Lc-ms/ms Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Accumulation of intact sulfur mustard in adipose tissue and toxicokinetics by chemical conversion and isotope-dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Zong

Zhang

et al. 2016

Arch Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…13.2 Schematic of a PIONA system with two capillary (polar C1 and non-polar C2) and three packed (C3: alcohol retention; C8: oxygenate separation; C9: 13X mol sieve) columns, three traps to retain aromatics (C4), olefins (C6), and n-alkanes (C7), and an olefin hydrogenator (C5) [138] chromatogram, and the technique is indeed used to this end also today. Relevant examples include [9], [10], and [11]. However, other such studies discuss rather too complex problems and would most probably profit from using the comprehensive approach.…”

Section: Multidimensional Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 96%

Multidimensional and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Adahchour

Brinkman

2014

Practical Gas Chromatography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…(40) The major advantage of this technique is improved separation power and it has been successfully used for the analysis of CWC-related chemicals in complex sample matrices. (22,41) Oostdijk et al (42) injected several hundred microliters of blood or tissue extracts by thermal desorption from Tenax  and analyzed the sample by GC × GC-MS/EI in a selected ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. A detection limit of a low parts per trillion level of sulfur mustard was achieved.…”

Section: Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography in Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Kostiainen¹

2011

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Various gas chromatographic methods, which are useful for the screening of Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)‐related chemicals, are described in this section. Choice of columns, detectors, and injection techniques, crucial to the optimization of gas chromatography (GC) as a routine screening tool, are discussed. Also, various identification methods are described. The use of the retention indices (RIs) method allowing identification without the need for an authentic chemical is described in detail. RIs are used as an identification method together with electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) in the on‐site analysis method established by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).

show abstract

Selective and sensitive trace analysis of sulfur mustard with thermal desorption and two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Accumulation of intact sulfur mustard in adipose tissue and toxicokinetics by chemical conversion and isotope-dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Accumulation of intact sulfur mustard in adipose tissue and toxicokinetics by chemical conversion and isotope-dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Multidimensional and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Gas Chromatography in Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About