Selective and divided attention during visual discriminations of shape, color, and speed: functional anatomy by positron emission tomography

Corbetta, Maurizio; Miezin, Francis M.; Dobmeyer, Susan; Shulman, Gordon L.; Petersen, Steve

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-08-02383.1991

Cited by 1,499 publications

(867 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Functional imaging studies have shown that activity in motion sensitive areas in the human brain (V5) is enhanced when subjects attend to motion rather than view moving stimuli passively (Corbetta, Miezin, Dobmeyer, Shulman, & Petersen, 1991;Shulman et al, 1997) or even without moving stimuli (Chawla, Rees, & Friston, 1999). These and similar findings suggest that attention modulates sensitivity of functionally specialized neuronal populations to inputs by changing background activity according to task instructions.…”

Section: Attentional Modulationmentioning

confidence: 89%

The irrelevant speech effect: a PET study

et al. 2003

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Positron emission tomography (PET) was performed in normal volunteers during a serial recall task under the influence of irrelevant speech comprising both single item repetition and multi-item sequences. An interaction approach was used to identify brain areas specifically related to the irrelevant speech effect. We interpreted activations as compensatory recruitment of complementary working memory processing, and decreased activity in terms of suppression of task relevant areas invoked by the irrelevant speech. The interaction between the distractors and working memory revealed a significant effect in the left, and to a lesser extent in the right, superior temporal region, indicating that initial phonological processing was relatively suppressed. Additional areas of decreased activity were observed in an a priori defined cortical network related to verbal working memory, incorporating the bilateral superior temporal and inferior/middle frontal cortices extending into Broca's area on the left. We also observed a weak activation in the left inferior parietal cortex, a region suggested to reflect the phonological store, the subcomponent where the interference is assumed to take place. The results suggest that the irrelevant speech effect is correlated with and thus tentatively may be explained in terms of a suppression of components of the verbal working memory network as outlined. The results can be interpreted in terms of inhibitory top-down attentional mechanisms attenuating the influence of the irrelevant speech, although additional studies are clearly necessary to more fully characterize the nature of this phenomenon and its theoretical implications for existing short-term memory models.

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Section: Attentional Modulationmentioning

confidence: 89%

The irrelevant speech effect: a PET study

et al. 2003

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“…The TPJ region has indeed also been implicated in spatial attention, including attention to motion and reorienting of attention (Corbetta et al 1991;Luks and Simpson, 2004;Shulman et al 2009). …”

Section: Alternative Accountsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right Temporoparietal Gray Matter Predicts Accuracy of Social Perception in the Autism Spectrum

David

Schultz

Milne

et al. 2013

J Autism Dev Disord

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Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show hallmark deficits in social perception. These difficulties might also reflect fundamental deficits in integrating visual signals. We contrasted predictions of a social perception and a spatialndash;temporal integration deficit account. Participants with ASD and matched controls performed two tasks: the first required spatiotemporal integration of global motion signals without social meaning, the second required processing of socially relevant local motion. The ASD group only showed differences to controls in social motion evaluation. In addition, gray matter volume in the temporalndash;parietal junction correlated positively with accuracy in social motion perception in the ASD group. Our findings suggest that socialndash;perceptual difficulties in ASD cannot be reduced to deficits in spatialndash;temporal integration

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“…This effect is stronger in frontal and parietal areas suggesting that they exercise top-down control to increase or decrease the neural activity in early visual processing areas. The frontal and parietal areas are also implicated when attention is directed to global or local aspects of hierarchically organized visual stimuli [54] or the colour, shape, or velocity of objects [61].…”

Section: Ppc and Directing Visual Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial cognition: evidence from visual neglect

Halligan

Fink

Marshall

et al. 2003

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

499

274

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Recent work on human attention and representational systems has benefited from a growing interplay between research on normal attention and neuropsychological disorders such as visual neglect. Research over the past 30 years has convincingly shown that, far from being a unitary condition, neglect is a protean disorder whose symptoms can selectively affect different sensory modalities, cognitive processes, spatial domains and coordinate systems. These clinical findings, together with those of functional neuroimaging, have increased knowledge about the anatomical and functional architecture of normal subsystems involved in spatial cognition. We provide a selective overview of how recent investigations of visual neglect are beginning to elucidate the underlying structure of spatial processes and mental representations.Once considered a unitary syndrome, it is now accepted that visuospatial neglect results from the interplay of damage to several different cognitive processes [1,2]. Even within such relatively simple tasks as copying or spontaneous drawing, patients show many qualitatively distinct patterns of omission and distortion in 'left' space [3].Deficits of attention, intention, global-local processing, spatial memory and mental representation can all contribute to the clinical picture of neglect, which accordingly cannot be traced back to the disruption of a single supramodal process [1,4]. Many of the symptoms traditionally ascribed to left neglect share little in common other than a contra-lesional gradient of increasing impairment, with comparatively well -preserved performance on the ipsilesional (right) side of space [1,5].Although characterising and remediating the clinical condition [1,2,5] are clearly crucial, the primary interest for cognitive neuroscience is how conditions such as visual neglect can inform existing cognitive theory and functional anatomy. That an abnormal bias towards one side of space can exist in the absence of contralateral peripheral sensory or motor loss (e.g. visual field losses or hemi-paralysis) suggests that impairment to higher level processes must be involved. The standard approach taken by cognitive neuropsychology characterises complex mental processes as information-processing systems with separate but interconnected components. Some of the informationprocessing stages involved in visual object recognition (see Fig. 1) illustrate the potential levels and links where lateralised deficits can arise after brain damage.This model charts the processing routes from preattentive assignment of simple structural features (i.e. without the need for focused attention and conscious awareness) to post-attentional integration of local and global processing (involving selective attention and conscious awareness) and the assignment of relevant spatial frames of reference prior to recognition and naming.

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Selective and divided attention during visual discriminations of shape, color, and speed: functional anatomy by positron emission tomography

Cited by 1,499 publications

References 100 publications

The irrelevant speech effect: a PET study

The irrelevant speech effect: a PET study

Right Temporoparietal Gray Matter Predicts Accuracy of Social Perception in the Autism Spectrum

Spatial cognition: evidence from visual neglect

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