Selective Adsorption of Aqueous Diclofenac Sodium, Naproxen Sodium, and Ibuprofen Using a Stable Fe3O4–FeBTC Metal–Organic Framework

Abstract

The FeBTC metal–organic framework (MOF) incorporated with magnetite is proposed as a novel material to solve water contamination with last generation pollutants. The material was synthesized by in situ solvothermal methods, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were added during FeBTC MOF synthesis and used in drug adsorption. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy characterized the materials, with N2-physisorption at 77 K. Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich models were used to describe the adsorption process. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption of three drugs was a feasible, spontaneous exothermic process. The incorporation of magnetite nanoparticles in the FeBTC increased the adsorption capacity of pristine FeBTC. The Fe3O4–FeBTC material showed a maximum adsorption capacity for diclofenac sodium (DCF), then by ibuprofen (IB), and to a lesser extent by naproxen sodium (NS). Additionally, hybridization of the FeBTC with magnetite nanoparticles reinforced the most vulnerable part of the MOF, increasing the stability of its thermal and aqueous media. The electrostatic interaction, H-bonding, and interactions in the open-metal sites played vital roles in the drug adsorption. The sites’ competition in the multicomponent mixture’s adsorption showed selective adsorption (DCF) and (NS). This work shows how superficial modification with a low-surface-area MOF can achieve significant adsorption results in water pollutants.

CNTs/Fe-BTC Composite Materials for the CO2-Photocatalytic Reduction to Clean Fuels: Batch and Continuous System

“…Raman spectra of the MOF Fe-BTC pristine and composite materials are shown in Figure 2 . In the case of the Fe-BTC spectrum, it can be divided into two zones: the first in the range of 1750–700 cm −1 , which shows bands characteristic of the vibrations corresponding to the organic ligand, and the second zone is in the range of 700–400 cm −1 , corresponding to the vibrations of the secondary basic units or SBUs (metal cluster) and the interaction between the SBUs and organic ligands [ 26 , 42 ]. Additionally, other bands at 1377, 1608, and 2693 cm −1 were observed in the composite materials, corresponding to carbon nanotubes.…”

“…Our group has studied this material as an adsorbent in heavy metals, dye and drug adsorption, etc. [ 29 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Latest trends in the large-scale production of MOFs in accordance with the principles of green chemistry

“…Interesting physicochemical properties are demonstrated by the organometallic skeleton of Fe-BTC. 129 This MOF based on BTC is combined with magnetite Fe 3 O 4 in a solvothermal synthesis. This synthesis procedure increased the MOF absorption capacity.…”

Formation of Iron (III) Trimesate Xerogel by Ultrasonic Irradiation

“…[12] Therefore, the more accessible synthetic routes and promising performances enabled the use of FeÀ BTC in a wide range of applications, such as water purification, lithium batteries, enzymatic catalysis, membrane separation, and drug delivery. [13][14][15][16] The high interest in the FeÀ BTC MOF also enhanced the research on its microstructure. [17,18] Sonochemistry can lead to syntheses at lower temperatures, better efficiency, and selectivity, whereby different pathways might result in different or specific products.…”

“…Therefore, the more accessible synthetic routes and promising performances enabled the use of Fe−BTC in a wide range of applications, such as water purification, lithium batteries, enzymatic catalysis, membrane separation, and drug delivery [13–16] . The high interest in the Fe−BTC MOF also enhanced the research on its microstructure [17,18] …”