Selection, resistance risk assessment, and reversion toward susceptibility of pyriproxyfen in Musca domestica L.

Abstract

Pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone mimic, is an effective larvicide against many pests of veterinary and public health importance. Pyriproxyfen is a biorational insecticide having many environmentally friendly attributes that make it compatible with integrated pest management programs. This experiment was performed for the assessment of resistance evolution and reversion toward susceptibility of Musca domestica to pyriproxyfen. Repeated selection at successive generations resulted in 5.09- and 130-fold increase in lethal concentration 50 (LC50) compared to field and susceptible strain, respectively. A significant decline after 22 generations without selection suggesting resistance to pyriproxyfen was unstable in M. domestica. Realized heritability (h (2)) of resistance to pyriproxyfen was 0.035 in pyriproxyfen-selected strain of M. domestica. The projected rate of resistance development indicated that, if slope = 1.28 and h (2) = 0.035, then 46-21 generations are required for 10-fold increase in LC50 at 50-90 % selection intensity. These findings suggest that a risk for resistance development to pyriproxyfen occurred in M. domestica under continuous selection pressure. Pyriproxyfen susceptibility reversed when its application is ceased for a specified duration.

Mechanism, stability and fitness cost of resistance to pyriproxyfen in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

“…Concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 30 ppm were used for selection. The survival of larvae emerging to healthy adults ranged from 16.67% to 60% in different tested generations [36]. Larvae unable to develop as adults were considered dead.…”

Laboratory selection, cross‐resistance, and estimations of realized heritability of indoxacarb resistance in Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

“…Management of insecticide resistance in insect pests is challenge for entomologists throughout the world. However, if the likelihood of developing resistance to a novel insecticide can be predicted, it may be possible to establish an effective pre‐emptive resistance management program to mitigate the resistance risk . Thus, selection experiments carried out in laboratory may provide important data about insect resistance …”

“…However, if the likelihood of developing resistance to a novel insecticide can be predicted, it may be possible to establish an effective pre-emptive resistance management program to mitigate the resistance risk. 41,42 Thus, selection experiments carried out in laboratory may provide important data about insect resistance. 43,44 Although indoxacarb has not yet been registered to control P. solenopsis in Pakistan, its excessive use against other cotton pests such as whiteflies, thrips, armyworm, and bollworms might eventually increase the exposure and selection pressure for P. solenospsis resistance to this compound.…”

Methoxyfenozide resistance of the housefly,Musca domesticaL. (Diptera: Muscidae): cross-resistance patterns, stability and associated fitness costs

“…Efforts to manage houseflies primarily depend upon the use of synthetic chemicals, but extensive use of these chemicals has led to the development of resistance in the housefly . Methoxyfenozide, a dibenzoyl hydrazine, is a new and most potent synthetic non‐steroidal ecdysone receptor agonist that causes premature larval moulting .…”