Selection of the most suitable crustacean exoskeleton waste from fish processing industry to isolate chitosan

Abstract

Shell waste produced by the sea food industry is one of the most significant problems contributing for environmental and health hazards. The most frequent method employed for disposal of these waste is burning which is environmentally costly due to low burning capacity of shells. In such a scenario, conversion of shrimp shell waste to chitosan, a commercially valuable product with a myriad of uses, could serve as an effective mode of shell remediation. Chitosan was obtained from shellfish waste by deproteination, demineralization, discoloration and deacetylation processes. It was characterized using Fourier Transformed Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The physico-chemical parameters such as moisture content, ash content, solubility, N-content, water binding capacity (WBC), fat binding capacity (FBC) and degree of deacetylation (DD) were analysed to compare the extracted six chitosan samples from Penaeus monodon, Portunus pelagicus, Portunus sanguinolentus, Scylla serrata, Panulirus homarus and Panulirus versicolor. The ranges for percentage yield, moisture content, ash content, N-content, percentage solubility, and WBC were 14.53±0.47%-34.13±3.72%, 3.16±1.77%-7.52±1.11%, 0.65±0.23%-53.52±5.65%, 2.02±0.03% -6.16±0.10%, 15.28±0.62% -47.91±5.15%, and 262.94±20.88% -600.61±58.11% respectively. FBC varied approximately from 250% to 650% in coconut oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil. Among the six chitosan samples, P. monodon was the most suitable crustacean exoskeleton waste from fish processing industry to isolate chitosan due to the fact that in the processing of shrimps for human consumption, 40 -50 % of the total mass is discarded as waste and high quality of chitosan extracted. Therefore, there is a high possibility of extracting good quality chitosan using exoskeleton waste of Penaeus monodon.

Physico-chemical properties of chitosan extracted from Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) processing shell waste in Sri Lanka

“…The present study showed a higher chitosan yield (33.53%) over the previous studies from Penaues monodon shells (24.27%) by Sanuja et al (2017) and Metapenaeus stebbingi shells (17.5%) by Kucukgulmez et al (2011). However, Allwin et al 2015 have been reported a high yield compared to the present study for Litopenaeus vannamei which was 47%.…”

“…Coupling of NH bending vibrations of NH2 group in chitosan with amide-II band may account for the broadband in the frequency of 1,553 cm -1 (Ghimire et al 2011). The degree of deacetylation was 80.43% and it was a comparatively high value with past studies which reported a degree of deacetylation of 40% by Sanuja et al (2017), 61% by Kumari et al (2015) and 74.82% by Mohanasrinivasan et al (2014).…”

“…Due to this potential for various applications, the global chitosan market revenue forecast shows an increasing trend from 2013-2024(Pulidindi and Pandey 2019. Although chitosan has a high demand, limited attention has been given in Sri Lanka except for a couple of studies (Allwin et al 2011;Hewajulige et al 2006;Sanuja et al 2017), which probably be due to the lack of knowledge on high-end uses and technological know-how for value-addition.…”

Characterization of chitosan extracted from three mushroom species from Edo State, Nigeria

“…The FTIR method reported by Sanuja et al [10] was adopted in determining the degree of deacetylation. To a known weight of chitosan (dried at 60 o C) was added 200 mg potassium bromide tablet.…”

Biosynthesis MgO and ZnO nanoparticles using chitosan extracted from Pimelia Payraudi Latreille for antibacterial applications

“…After drying the chitosan extract, the dried chitosan was weighed and the chitosan content was calculated as follows: Yield (%)=(weight of chitosan, g)/(weight of beetle exoskeleton, g)×100 [22]. The ash content of chitosan was determined gravimetrically by combustion in an air atmosphere using a constant weight crucible at 550°C for 3 h.The degree of deacetylation (DD) of chitosan was determined by FTIR spectroscopy using the following equation: DD (%) = 100 -[100*(A 1655 /A 3450 )/1.33] .Where: A 3450 and A 1655 are the heights of the absorption bands of the hydroxyl and amide groups, respectively.…”