Selection, inheritance and characterization of carbofuran resistance in the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract

The objectives were to select for resistance to carbofuran in a susceptible field population of Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), assess the progression of resistance, and characterize the inheritance and possible mechanism of resistance. Initial selection in the field resulted in over 99.9% mortality of treated larvae but high resistance in the survivors. Subsequent laboratory selection at c.80°h mortality increased resistance to > 100-fold by the fourth generation. Low level cross-resistance to azinphos-methyl was also present. Resistance appeared to be inherited via a single, autosomal, incompletely dominant gene, resulting in decreased acetylcholinesterase sensitivity. A second Michigan population also appeared to exhibit reduced cholinesterase sensitivity. Resistance to carbofuran in a Colorado potato beetle population from Long Island, NY appears to involve primarily mixed-function oxidase enzymes. The history of insecticide use probably affects which primary resistance mechanism appears in response to carbofuran treatment.

Colorado Potato Beetle Resistance to Insecticides

“…Known mechanisms of Colorado potato beetle resistance to insecticides include enhanced metabolism involving esterases, carboxylesterases and monooxigenases, target site insensitivity, as well as reduced insecticide penetration and increased excretion (Rose and Brindley 1985;Argentine et al 1989a;Ioannidis et al 1991;Ioannidis et al 1992;Wierenga and Hollingworth 1994;Anspaugh et al 1995;Zhu et al 1996;Lee and Clark 1998;Clark et al 2001). There is also some evidence of behavioral resistance (Hoy and Head 1995;Alyokhin and Ferro 1999d).…”

“…Altered acetylcholine esterase plays a critical role in resistance to organophosphates and carbamates (Ioannidis et al 1992;Wierenga and Hollingworth 1993;Stankovic et al 2004). Beetles resistant to azinphosmethyl contained two mutations in the AChE (S291G and R30K), which made the enzyme less sensitive to azinphosmethyl and carbofuran (Kim and Clark 2002;Kim et al 2006).…”

“…A positive response to selection can show in the simplest sense the presence of additive genetic variance for resistance (Argentine and Clark 1990;Ioannidis et al 1992;Whalon et al 1993;Rahardja and Whalon 1995;Trisyono and Whalon 1997;Miyo et al 1999). Crosses between resistant and susceptible strains with backcrosses of hybrids to susceptibles have been used to measure dominance, sex linkage and singlelocus vs. polygenic determination of resistance (Argentine et al 1989a;Heim et al 1992;Ioannidis et al 1992;Rahardja and Whalon 1995;Baker et al 2007). Quantitative genetic estimates of heritability have been used to show potential for subsequent resistance evolution (Hoy and Head 1995;Miyo et al 1999;Baker et al 2007).…”

Linkage of acetylcholinesterase insensitivity to methyl parathion resistance inHeliothis virescens

“…A dominant acetylcholinesterase mechanism for resistance to tetrachlorvinphos was also found in house fly mass matings (Plapp and Tripathi, 1978); however, complete dominance was not observed in certain other species. In the Colorado potato beetle (Ioannidis et al, 1992), the predacious mite Typhlodromuspyri (Van De Baan, et al, 1985), the mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Takahashi and Yasutomi, 1987), and the red spider mite (Smissaert, 1964), inheritance of resistance was shown to be semidominant, although the major factor was an insensitive acetylcholinesterase enzyme.…”

Purification and studies on characteristics of cholinesterases from Daphnia magna

“…It is believed Zhu and Brindley, 1992 that most species of insect have single AChE which can hydrolyse both ACh and butyrylcholine. In spite of that, multi-types of ChE were found in species including ticks Boophilus microplus (Nolan et al, 1972), house flies Musca domestica (Tripathi and O′Brien, 1972), spring grain aphids Schizaphis gramina (Brestkin et al, 1985), honey bees Apis melifera (Belzunces and Colin, 1991), Colorado potato beetles Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Ioannidis et al, 1992;Wierenga and Hollingworth, 1993), mosquitos Culex pipiens (Bourguet et al, 1996), and common oystesr Crassostrea gigas (Bocquené et al, 1997). Two hypotheses could be employed to explain that: the first involves the existences of two ChE-encoding genes and the second comes down to the mechanism of posttranslational modification (Bocquené et al, 1997;Villatte and Bachmann, 2002).…”