Selection for Resistance to Monensin, Nicarbazin, and the Monensin Plus Nicarbazin Combination

Bafundo, Kenneth W.; Jeffers, T. K.

doi:10.3382/ps.0691485

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Although concerns over resistance were expressed by several authors in the years surrounding its introduction (Chapman, 1989;Tamas and Wilks, 1989;Bafundo and Jeffers, 1990;Tamas et al, 1991), the brief reports by Mathis (1999) and Naciri et al (2003) appear to be the only observations on this subject in subsequent years. As Table 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In particular, Tamas et al (1991) speculated that the use of this combination would compromise the effectiveness of NIC. Bafundo and Jeffers (1990) illustrated that there was potential for Eimeria acervulina to develop resistance to NIC and to potentiated NIC combinations (e.g., NAR + NIC) but reported that the same trend was unlikely for Eimeria tenella. These authors recommended limiting the use of potentiated NIC combinations such as NAR + NIC to starter feeds to minimize the risks of resistance development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In his detailed review of NIC, Chapman (1994) suggested that of many compounds introduced for the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers, none could claim a practical life of field utilization as prolonged as that of NIC. In the United States and elsewhere, NIC 125 ppm is commonly used in starter feeds; in this role, it is considered a highly effective anticoccidial with a minimal potential for drug resistance (Bafundo and Jeffers, 1990;Chapman, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of Eimeria Field Isolates in the United States: Responses of Nicarbazin-Containing Anticoccidials

Bafundo¹,

Cervantes²,

Mathis

2008

Poultry Science

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A series of studies were conducted to assess the drug sensitivity of 26 coccidial field isolates to the anticoccidial effects of nicarbazin (NIC) and narasin + NIC (NAR + NIC). Isolates were collected from typical broiler farms in the United States from 2003 to 2006, propagated once in the absence of anticoccidial medication, and then used to inoculate broilers that were fed nonmedicated rations or those containing NIC 125 ppm or NAR + NIC 80 ppm. Results of these sensitivity trials indicated that 81% of these coccidial isolates were sensitive to the effects of NIC, but only 22% of these coccidia were controlled by NAR + NIC. Studies conducted to evaluate performance responses to these drugs demonstrated that birds fed NIC gained more weight and utilized feed more efficiently than those receiving NAR + NIC. The results of 2 floor pen tests, conducted to confirm the results of the above sensitivity trials, demonstrated that NIC provided a greater level of protection from coccidiosis than NAR + NIC. Lower lesion scores and improved performance were recorded for birds receiving NIC compared with NAR + NIC. Results of these studies revealed that changes in the susceptibility of Eimeria spp. to the activity of NAR + NIC are evident. These changes appear to be associated with the reduction in ionophore sensitivity that has been documented in most areas of the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of Eimeria Field Isolates in the United States: Responses of Nicarbazin-Containing Anticoccidials

Bafundo¹,

Cervantes²,

Mathis

2008

Poultry Science

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“…A reduced sensitivity of Eimeria to some anticoccidials such as ionophores has been suspected for years (Chapman, 1982;Li et al, 2004;Stephan et al, 1997). The commercial success of ionophores indicates that the challenge conditions in the field are compatible with their different efficacy profiles (Bafundo and Jeffers, 1990;Chapman, 1984;Jeffers, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Characteristics of different Methods of Coccidiosis Infection in Broiler Chickens

Elmusharaf¹

2010

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Problem statement: Different methods of experimental infection of broiler chickens withEimeria species have been described in the literature. These methods had not been compared and contrasted so as to contribute to the selection of the most appropriate model of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Identifying such a model was important to speed up the screening of potential coccidiostatics. Approach: In five different experiments with broiler chickens, we used different methods of infection with Eimeria species. In this paper the different methods and the results have been evaluated. Results: Administration through gavage into the crop of relatively low doses of either Eimeria tenella alone, or in combination with Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima, did not influence body-weight gain and feed intake, but did induce intestinal lesions and faecal shedding of oocysts. The administration of an identically high number of sporulated oocysts in the form of a mixture of the three Eimeria species, either through a single dose by gavage or through the litter, produced similar lowering effects on body-weight gain or feed intake, similar degrees of severity of intestinal lesions and similar rates of faecal oocyst shedding. Conclusion: Depending on the variables considered of interest, the present data may indicate the most appropriate model. The model using infection with oocysts through the litter may optimally mimic the field situation in combination with controlled conditions and allowing experimental flexibility and a high number of experimental units within the research facility.

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“…chicken / crop microflora / monensin Résumé — L'influence de la monensine sur la microflore du jabot de poulets. Nous avons étu-dié l'influence de la monensine sur les microorganismes et la composition des métabolites microbiens dans le jabot de (Bafundo and Jeffers, 1990;Salisch and Shakshouk, 1990) and the effect of monensin on the performance of broiler chickens (Parson and Baker, 1982; Christmas and Harms, 1984;Harms et al, 1989). High concentrations of monensin in broiler feeds (140-150 mg/kg) depresses the weight gain (Bartov, 1987) and can sometimes be toxic (Braunius, 1989 Devriese, 1981, 1992;Rada et al, 1994).…”

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Effect of monensin on the crop microflora of broiler chickens

Rada¹,

Marounek²

1996

Ann. Zootech.

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Summary — Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of monensin on both the microorganisms and their metabolite production in the crop of 3-week-old broiler chickens. The addition of monensin to the feed (100 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) lowered the number of lactobacilli in the crop and decreased the concentration of lactate, acetate, succinate and ethanol in both in vivo and in vitro incubations of the crop contents. The decreased acid production increased the pH of the digesta and also the pH of the monensin-supplemented cultures (P < 0.01 The decrease in the number of lactobacilli was accompanied by a concomitant proliferation of coliform bacteria and enterococci. The lactobacilli li counts returned to the pretreatment level within 5 days of monensin feeding. The counts of coliforms and enterococci, however, remained elevated. The concentration of lactate in the crop was lower and the pH higher in the monensin-fed chickens than in the control chickens (P < 0.005). The microbial metabolite production was lower in all the cultures supplemented with monensin, both in the control incubations and in those inoculated by the crop contents of monensin-fed chickens (P< 0.01 The effect of monensin in vitro ceased after 10 days of monensin feeding to the inoculi donors. In the presence of monensin, the crop environment was more suitable to the proliferation of coliforms, which might be a factor in the increased incidence of nonspecific septicemia. chicken / crop microflora / monensin Résumé — L'influence de la monensine sur la microflore du jabot de poulets. Nous avons étu-dié l'influence de la monensine sur les microorganismes et la composition des métabolites microbiens dans le jabot de poulets agés de 3 semaines. La diminution du nombre de lactobacilles dans le jabot ainsi que celle de la concentration en lactate, acétate, succinate, alcool éthylique et propionate in vivo et durant les incubations in vitro du contenu de jabots par l'addition de la monensine ont été significatives (p < 0,05). L'addition de la monensine a entraîné -en raison de la diminution de la production des acides -une augmentation du pH du contenu

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Selection for Resistance to Monensin, Nicarbazin, and the Monensin Plus Nicarbazin Combination

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Sensitivity of Eimeria Field Isolates in the United States: Responses of Nicarbazin-Containing Anticoccidials

Sensitivity of Eimeria Field Isolates in the United States: Responses of Nicarbazin-Containing Anticoccidials

Efficacy and Characteristics of different Methods of Coccidiosis Infection in Broiler Chickens

Effect of monensin on the crop microflora of broiler chickens

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