Selection for imidacloprid resistance and mode of inheritance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Strong resistance to imidacloprid in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) has developed in Southeast and East Asia. Although the mode of inheritance for resistance is very useful information for pest control, this information is unknown in N. lugens. Here, we established two resistant strains that were selected from field populations in Vietnam and the Philippines, and conducted crossing experiments to determine the inheritance pattern. RESULTS:The resistance ratio of 50% lethal dose (LD 50 ) values for the two resistance-selected strains, i.e., resistant strains originating from Vietnam (VT-Res) and the Philippines (PH-Res), to their control strains were ∼ 8-and 157-fold, respectively. dominance was 0.81 and 0.82, and 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. Analysis of the F 2 populations and backcrosses to the parental strains indicated that resistance is a major-gene trait following Mendelian inheritance. The strength of the resistance was suppressed by pre-treatment with piperonyl butoxide, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450-monooxygenases. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens is autosomal and an almost completely dominant major-gene trait that is likely manifested by high expression levels of a detoxification enzyme. Reciprocal cross experiments between VT-Res and the susceptible strain (S-strain), and between PH-Res and the S-strain showed that the degree of

Genome‐wide assessment and development of molecular diagnostic methods for imidacloprid‐resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera; Delphacidae)

“…Imidacloprid‐resistant strains were collected in 2009 (VN09‐1 and VN09‐3) and 2010 (VN10‐1) in Vietnam and 2014 in the Kumamoto prefecture, Japan (KR‐14). VN09‐3_F 24 was the most resistant laboratory‐selected strain established from VN09‐3 with exposure to imidacloprid for 24 generations 20–22 . Izumo‐87♀ x VN09‐1♂_F 1 (IxV‐F 1 ) and Izumo‐87♂ x VN09‐1♀_F 1 (VxI‐F 1 ) were F 1 s of the VN09‐1 and Izumo‐87 strains.…”

“…VN09-3_F 24 was the most resistant laboratory-selected strain established from VN09-3 with exposure to imidacloprid for 24 generations. [20][21][22] Izumo-87♀ x VN09-1♂_F 1 (IxV-F 1 ) and Izumo-87♂ x VN09-1♀_F 1 (VxI-F 1 ) were F 1 s of the VN09-1 and Izumo-87 strains. All insects were reared on rice seedlings in a glass bottle (6.5 cm diameter, 18 cm height) covered with a cloth mesh at 26°C under a long-day photoperiod (16L:8D) without exposure to insecticides.…”

Long‐term field insecticide susceptibility data and laboratory experiments reveal evidence for cross resistance to other neonicotinoids in the imidacloprid‐resistant brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

“…The results of our laboratory experiments clearly indicate that the development of imidacloprid resistance has a significant effect on insecticide resistances to thiamethoxam and clothianidin. Previous studies had documented that the imidacloprid resistance in the southern Vietnam population of N. lugens was higher than that in the Philippines population, which was regarded as at a susceptible level . Regardless of the historical background of imidacloprid application for each population, resistance ratios of thiamethoxam and clothianidin were similar to those of imidacloprid between Con‐ and Res‐PH, VN (Table ).…”

“…The overexpression and amino acid variation of CYP6ER1 , one of the cytochrome P450 genes, which plays a role in metabolic resistance to neonicotinoids, has been reported to be a major factor in the development of resistance to imidacloprid in field populations . In our previous study, dominate‐inheritance mode and decreasing resistance by the enzyme inhibitor piperonyl butoxide have strongly suggested that the imidacloprid resistance in our selection strains also results from cytochrome P450 enzyme activity . One of hypotheses resulting in different types of cross resistance is that cross‐resistance patterns are influenced by interactions between detoxifying enzyme activities encoded by cytochrome P450 genes and the chemical structures of neonicotinoids.…”

Identification and expression analysis of cytochrome P450 genes in Plecoptera oculata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are an ancient gene superfamily with a 3.5 billion year history and vast species diversity (Nelson 1998). In addition, CYPs comprise one of the three main groups of detoxification enzymes used by insects that contain the heme-thiolate protein and play crucial roles in the detoxification of most pesticides (Hodgson 1985), including chlorantraniliprole (Hu et al 2017;Wang et al 2018), abamectin (Gao et al 2016;Hu et al 2017), DDT (Chiu et al 2008;Simma et al 2019), lambdacyhalothrin (Hu et al 2017), metaflumizone (Hu et al 2017), phoxim (Hu et al 2016;Li et al 2015), chlorpyrifos (Tang et al 2017;Wang et al 2017), thiamethoxam (Chen et al 2017;Sun et al 2018), dinotefuran (Sun et al 2018), imidacloprid (Chen et al 2017;Chen et al 2019;Sanada-Morimura et al 2019), indoxacarb (Cui et al 2018), and a variety of pyrethroids (Chen et al 2017;Simma et al 2019;Xu et al 2016;Zhu et al 2010). Moreover, CYPs are also involved in the processing of plant secondary metabolites (Giraudo et al 2015) and are crucial components in a range of physiological processes, including the epoxidation of methyl farnesoate to juvenile hormone III (Helvig et al 2004), ecdysteroid catabolism (Guittard et al 2011), epoxidation of a (Z)-double bond in a pheromone precursor (Rong et al 2014), insect olfactory function (Keeling et al 2013), and metabolism of methanol (Wang et al 2012).…”