Selection Factors for the Protobiomonomers at the Origin of Genetic Code

Saralov, A. I.

doi:10.17513/mjpfi.12900

Cited by 1 publication

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References 10 publications

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“…In the M-T m diagram, amino acids and the corresponding codons exhibit a fairly regular distribution relative to the separate clusters of purine and pyrimidine bases (Saralov 2019b) Factors in Protobiomonomer Selection for the Origin of the… on the presence of pyrimidines (NA UC ) or purines (NA AG ) in the third position. The cluster of less thermostable amino acids with similar masses of 146.2-147.1 but different T m :M ratios, which are encoded by NA AG codons with purines in position 3, is completed by the stop codons UA AG (after CA AG for Gln, the most low-melting amino acid).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two unique pentose monosaccharides that serve as construction blocks of nucleic acid molecules: ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA. They differ from other pentoses and galactose by a lower melting temperature (T m ) and higher solubility in water (as for d-fructose) (Saralov 2019b). Within nucleosides, ribose and deoxyribose exist in the form of a five-membered furanose ring with a nonplanar conformation and can act to switch the nucleic acid conformation (Nucleic Acids 2008).…”

Section: Factors Of Protobiomonomer Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors in Protobiomonomer Selection for the Origin of the Standard Genetic Code

Saralov

2021

Acta Biotheor

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Natural selection of specific protobiomonomers during abiogenic development of the prototype genetic code is hindered by the diversity of structural, spatial, and rotational isomers that have identical elemental composition and molecular mass (M), but can vary significantly in their physicochemical characteristics, such as the melting temperature T m , the T m :M ratio, and the solubility in water, due to different positions of atoms in the molecule. These parameters differ between cis-and trans-isomers of dicarboxylic acids, spatial monosaccharide isomers, and structural isomers of α-, β-, and γ-amino acids. The stable planar heterocyclic molecules of the major nucleobases comprise four (C, H, N, O) or three (C, H, N) elements and contain a single -C=C bond and two nitrogen atoms in each heterocycle involved in C-N and C=N bonds. They exist as isomeric resonance hybrids of single and double bonds and as a mixture of tautomer forms due to the presence of -C=O and/or -NH 2 side groups. They are thermostable, insoluble in water, and exhibit solid-state stability, which is of central importance for DNA molecules as carriers of genetic information. In M-T m diagrams, proteinogenic amino acids and the corresponding codons are distributed fairly regularly relative to the distinct clusters of purine and pyrimidine bases, reflecting the correspondence between codons and amino acids that was established in different periods of genetic code development. The body of data on the evolution of the genetic code system indicates that the elemental composition and molecular structure of protobiomonomers, and their M, T m , photostability, and aqueous solubility determined their selection in the emergence of the standard genetic code.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Of Protobiomonomer Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%