Selecting the appropriate study design for your research: Descriptive study designs

Omair, Aamir

doi:10.4103/1658-600x.159892

Cited by 73 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Also, it describes unrecognized syndromes or variants, abnormal findings or outcomes, or association between risk factors and disease. It is the lowest level and the first line of evidence and usually deals with the newly emerging issues and ideas (Table 1) [4,[6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strengths [4,[6][7][8][9] Limitations [6,9] Identification of new, abnormal, or variant presentation of diseases. Lack of generalizability and implications.…”

Section: Case Report Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Descriptive designs occupy the middle and lower parts of the hierarchy of evidence-based medicine pyramid. Study designs are organized in a hierarchy beginning from the basic "case report" to the highly valued "randomised clinical trial" [4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observational Study Designs: Synopsis for Selecting an Appropriate Study Design

Rezigalla¹

2020

Cureus

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The selection of a study design is the most critical step in the research methodology. Crucial factors should be considered during the selection of the study design, which is the formulated research question, as well as the method of participant selection. Different study designs can be applied to the same research question(s). Research designs are classified as qualitative, quantitative, and mixed design. Observational design occupies the middle and lower parts of the hierarchy of evidence-based pyramid. The observational design is subdivided into descriptive, including cross-sectional, case report or case series, and correlational, and analytic which includes cross-section, case-control, and cohort studies. Each research design has its uses and points of strength and limitations. The aim of this article to provide a simplified approach for the selection of descriptive study design.

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Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strengths [4,[6][7][8][9] Limitations [6,9] Identification of new, abnormal, or variant presentation of diseases. Lack of generalizability and implications.…”

Section: Case Report Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observational Study Designs: Synopsis for Selecting an Appropriate Study Design

Rezigalla¹

2020

Cureus

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“…This difference might happen related to the nature of sample selection. The unique advantage of cross-sectional surveys is that it is possible to determine the prevalence of an outcome because the study samples are selected randomly ( 51). Conversely, in case-control studies, cases and/or controls are selected on criteria related to the exposure of interest that can affect the overall prevalence ( 52).…”

Section: Meta-regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal parasites and human immuno virus in Ethiopian tuberclosis patients: A Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dessie¹,

Wagnew²,

Amare³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: The distribution of intestinal parasites among patients with tuberculosis in Ethiopia has not been well understood. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the pooled national prevalence of intestinal parasites and its association with HIV among patients with tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Methods: Original articles were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and World Health Organization’s HINARI portal and supplemented by the hand searching of cross-references. Data were extracted using a standard data extraction checklist. Random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and odds ratio of the association. The I2 statistic was utilized to quantify statistical heterogeneity across studies. Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s regression tests were used to check for publication bias. The analysis was done by STATA version 14 for Windows. Results: Of 725 identified studies, 12 articles were eligible for inclusion in the final analysis. The pooled national prevalence of intestinal parasites among patients with tuberculosis in Ethiopia was 36.1% (95% CI: 22.1 – 50.1, I2:98.7%). Subgroup analysis based on study design indicated that the prevalence of intestinal parasite among case-control studies was 41.69% (95% CI: 28.6 – 54.8, I2: 95.1%). The odds of intestinal parasites among patients with tuberculosis- HIV co-infection was not significantly different compared with patients with tuberculosis without HIV/AIDS (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.7 - 4.7, p: 0.96). Conclusion: In Ethiopia, at least one out of three patients with tuberculosis have intestinal parasite. These findings suggest the need of more attention on increasing screening tuberculosis patients for intestinal parasites and deworming intervention.

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“…A descriptive cross---sectional design was employed for the purpose of this study. According to Omair (2015), a descriptive study design serves two important roles in research. First, it can be used to understand the distribution of characteristics in a selected study sample.…”

Section: Approach and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the community perceptions on the Corporate Social Responsibilities of the mining companies in Kahama District, Tanzania

Ikasu¹

2018

TR1001

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This study examined the community perceptions regarding the engagement of mining companies in corporate social responsibility activities and motive driving the companies to fulfill their corporate social responsibilities using the Carroll's Pyramid of corporate social responsibility. The study was conducted in Bugarama ward, Kahama district in Tanzania. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with 100 randomly sampled household level respondents and analyzed for descriptive statistics. The findings revealed the engagement of the company in a range of corporate social responsibility activities ranging from the ones that were conveniently beneficial to communities to those that were rationally organized. Economic success was found to be the most important motive. The desire to be identified as ethical and fulfilling philanthropic expectations of the communities had some links with economic profitability and business sustainability. On the other hand, the desire to comply with the laws was found to have the least link with engagement in corporate social responsibility. From these findings, it is concluded that corporate social responsibility is a strategic investment that seek to strengthen social capital. Behind ethical and philanthropic responsibilities appears to be the economic responsibilities that businesses seek to achieve

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Selecting the appropriate study design for your research: Descriptive study designs

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Observational Study Designs: Synopsis for Selecting an Appropriate Study Design

Observational Study Designs: Synopsis for Selecting an Appropriate Study Design

Intestinal parasites and human immuno virus in Ethiopian tuberclosis patients: A Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Examining the community perceptions on the Corporate Social Responsibilities of the mining companies in Kahama District, Tanzania

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