Selected Patented Cross‐Coupling Reaction Technologies

Abstract

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Aryl Carbon–Heteroatom Coupling Reactions Using Nanometal Catalyst

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The classical method for the synthesis of aryl sulfides involves condensation of aryl halides with thiols requiring strongly basic and harsh reaction conditions. 15 This leads to the development of transition metal-catalyzed processes, which offer more efficient coupling under milder conditions.…”

Palladium-Catalyzed N-Arylation of 3-Functionalized 2-Amino-4,5-dimethylpyrroles

“…[5,11] The transition metal-catalyzed N-arylation of amines has been a highly active area of research in the past decade, with palladium-catalyzed reactions receiving a large focus. [12,13] To date, however, there has been no report of N-arylation chemistry with the title 2-aminopyrroles. The development of a transition metal-catalyzed N-arylation method would thus expand the scope of chemistry that is possible with these compounds and would also allow for construction of novel types of fused-ring systems.…”

Palladium nanoparticles supported by amyloid fibrils: From size controllable synthesis to extremely high catalytic performance

“…In industry, heterogeneous catalysts are widely used instead of homogeneous catalysts because of their relatively easy separation and stability. However, on the industrial scale, high catalyst concentrations are often required (normally 0.5-5 mol%) [6,7], which increases the cost and makes it difficult to purge the ligands that are usually employed to stabilize Pd NPs [8][9][10]. Moreover, substantially smaller, uniform, and well-dispersed nanoparticles are required for high-yield catalytic applications [11,12]; however, the synthesis of such Pd NPs under mild conditions in a controlled manner still remains a fundamental challenge.…”