Model-based test case generation is gaining acceptance to the software practitioners. Advantages of this are the early detection of faults, reducing software development time etc. In recent times, researchers have considered different UML diagrams for generating test cases. Few work on the test case generation using activity diagrams is reported in literatures. However, the existing work consider activity diagrams in method scope and mainly follow UML 1.x for modeling. In this paper, we present an approach of generating test cases from activity diagrams using UML 2.0 syntax and with use case scope. We consider a test coverage criterion, called activity path coverage criterion. The test cases generated using our approach are capable of detecting more faults like synchronization faults, loop faults unlike the existing approaches.

A novel strategy for the direct conversion of aryl- and heteroarylamines to selenides has been developed via diazotization of amines with tert-butyl nitrite in neutral medium followed by reaction with diaryl/diheteroaryl/dialkyl diselenides in one pot under photocatalysis at room temperature in the absence of any metal. This reaction is also applied for the synthesis of tellurides. The selenylation of heteroarylamine by this protocol is of much significance because of the difficulty in diazotization of these molecules by a standard diazotization method in acid medium.

The simplicity in operation, general applicability to all three chalcogenides (III), (V) and (VII), use of recycable dimethyl carbonate and employment of stable and readily available dichalcogenides in place of thiols and analogues makes the procedure environmentally friendly and more cost‐effective.

An efficient Csp-Csp cross-coupling of alkynyl bromide and pinacol ester of alkynyl boronic acid catalyzed by CuFe2O4 nanoparticles has been accomplished in dimethyl carbonate to produce unsymmetric 1,3-diynes. This protocol is also extended for the Csp-Csp2 coupling of alkynyl bromide and alkenyl boronic acid to provide conjugated 1,3-enynes. The aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic alkynes couple with various substituted alkynyl/alkenyl boronates/boronic acids by this procedure to furnish a library of 1,3-diynes and enynes in high yields. The catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet and recycled 10 times.

An efficient C–H heteroarylation of heteroarenes is achieved through visible‐light photoredox‐catalyzed diazotization of heteroarylamines in situ by tBuONO at room temperature. A library of functionalized biheteroaryls is obtained by using this protocol. The reaction avoids the use of transition‐metal catalysts, additives, and acidic reaction medium.