Selected Indonesian Medicinal Plants for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: Molecular Basis and Recent Studies

Abstract

Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the world influences quality of health in all respective countries, including Indonesia. Data from Indonesian Family Life Survey reported in 2019 showed that the prevalence of MetS in Indonesia currently is 21.66%, estimated with the provincial incidence ranging up to 50%; additionally, the most common components of MetS discovered in Indonesia were poor high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and hypertension. Management treatment of MetS involves a combination of lifestyle changes and pharmacological interventions to decrease cerebrovascular disease. Various natural substances have been shown to govern any cardiovascular or metabolic disorders through different mechanisms, such as triggering anti-inflammation, lipid profile correction, sensitization of insulin reception, or blood glucose control. In Indonesia, the utilization of natural compounds is part of the nation's culture. The community widely uses them; even though in general, their effectiveness and safety have not been thoroughly assessed by rigorous clinical trials. Scientific evidence suggested that cinnamon, mangosteen, and curcumin, as well as their derived components possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity. In this review, an enormous potential of cinnamon, mangosteen, and curcumin, which originated and are commonly used in Indonesia, could be treated against MetS, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. The findings suggested that cinnamon, mangosteen, curcumin and their derivatives may reflect areas of promise in the management of MetS.

Efficacy of celery (Apium graveolens L.) alcoholic extract against systemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in rat models

“…The development of herbal-derived therapy must be increased to lessen the use of antibiotics and prevent resistance. Indonesia exhibits high biodiversity, consisting of several species of animals and plants [ 6 ]. Several plants contain antioxidants that can potentially be antibacterial agents.…”

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Activity and ADMET Properties of Terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) Leaves Metabolites: Phytochemical Screening and in silico Studies

“…This number represents 90% of the medicinal plants found in the Asia. [1][2] The diversity of medicinal plants makes local people in every region in Indonesia use them to treat various types of diseases. [3][4] One of the medicinal plants often used by local people in North Kalimantan is terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco).…”

Antihyperglycemic, Endothelial protection and Toxicity study of Basil Leaves Extract on Diabetic Rats

“…Indonesia's archipelago and plethora of diverse medicinal plants have pioneered various studies on traditional medicines, including the usage of readily available basil leaves [20], [21], [22], [23]. Hence, it is imperative to further investigate basil leaves efficacy in the study using rats models.…”