Selected health parameters of people living in cities included into «Pure air» Federal Project

Revich, Boris; Харькова, Т Л; Kvasha, Ekaterina

doi:10.21668/health.risk/2020.2.02.eng

“…Practical experience indicates that many tools for state regulation of ambient air pollution that are fixed in the legislation have a theoretically high potential but are hardly efficient in practice. This is due to high expenditure on environmental protection, low motivation of economic entities to reduce negative effects on ambient air, errors and miscalculations in planning, making and implementing decisions significant for environmental protection [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: T a B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of regulatory actions based on a differentiated approach to managing ambient air quality and health risks

Zaitseva,

Kleyn,

Kiryanov

et al. 2024

Health Risk Analysis

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The study focuses on substantiating the most optimal regulatory actions aimed to minimize health risks caused by airborne exposures within Rospotrebnadzor activities including the Clean Air Federal project and the ongoing experiment on setting quotas for emissions. The aim of this study was to comparatively assess effectiveness of regulatory actions as regards specific subjects (exemplified by heat-power engineering objects) with or without use of differentiated approaches to managing ambient air quality and health risks. We analyzed a database on priority sources of ambient air pollution in an analyzed area; performed a hygienic assessment of ambient air quality relying on computed data and also estimated contributions made by specific chemicals and objects to the total pollution; calculated population health risks; implemented an algorithm for substantiating optimal regulatory actions aimed to mitigate health risks under airborne exposures; comparatively analyzed activities stipulated by the Complex plan and suggested optimal regulatory actions identified by solving the optimization task. We conducted a reconnaissance stage-by-stage assessment of effectiveness of air protection activities over 2019–2023 relying on hygienic indicators and risk levels. As a result, we established that implementation of air protection activities and a reduction in total emissions of more than 20 pollutants by heat-power engineering objects would not ensure significant improvement of environmental conditions in the analyzed area considering their share contributions. Safe standards would still be violated in residential areas with levels of chemicals reaching 6.25 single MPL and 7.0 average annual MPL. An optimal sufficient result, considering this share contribution, would be a reduction in emissions from all heat-power engineering objects by 3.47 thousand tons of 10 specific chemicals. This is lower than a reduction planned within the Complex plan on total emission reduction (18.1 thousand tons). To ensure conformity with safe standards that stipulate chemical levels in ambient air and to achieve permissible risk levels, it is necessary to apply a differentiated approach to reductions in emissions (by 1.06 thousand tons overall), which targets specific chemicals, at other sources of ambient air pollution. Use of a differentiated approach to selecting optimal regulatory actions as regards all sources of ambient air pollution considering their share contributions will make it possible to define priority environmental protection activities, adjust the Complex plans and ensure conformity with safe standards and permissible risk levels in all residential areas

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“…Практический опыт свидетельствует, что многие инструменты, закрепленные на законодательном уровне для государственного регулирования атмосферного загрязнения, теоретически имеют высокий потенциал, но на практике они часто ограничены в своей эффективности. Данный факт обусловлен высокими затратами на экологическую деятельность, нехваткой заинтересованности хозяйствующих субъектов в снижении негативного воздействия на атмосферу, ошибками и просчетами в процессе планирования, принятия и реализации экологически значимых решений [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: использование дифференцированного подхода к выбору оптимальн...unclassified

Optimization of regulatory actions based on a differentiated approach to managing ambient air quality and health risks

Zaitseva,

Kleyn,

Kiryanov

et al. 2024

Health Risk Analysis

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study focuses on substantiating the most optimal regulatory actions aimed to minimize health risks caused by airborne exposures within Rospotrebnadzor activities including the Clean Air Federal project and the ongoing experiment on setting quotas for emissions. The aim of this study was to comparatively assess effectiveness of regulatory actions as regards specific subjects (exemplified by heat-power engineering objects) with or without use of differentiated approaches to managing ambient air quality and health risks. We analyzed a database on priority sources of ambient air pollution in an analyzed area; performed a hygienic assessment of ambient air quality relying on computed data and also estimated contributions made by specific chemicals and objects to the total pollution; calculated population health risks; implemented an algorithm for substantiating optimal regulatory actions aimed to mitigate health risks under airborne exposures; comparatively analyzed activities stipulated by the Complex plan and suggested optimal regulatory actions identified by solving the optimization task. We conducted a reconnaissance stage-by-stage assessment of effectiveness of air protection activities over 2019–2023 relying on hygienic indicators and risk levels. As a result, we established that implementation of air protection activities and a reduction in total emissions of more than 20 pollutants by heat-power engineering objects would not ensure significant improvement of environmental conditions in the analyzed area considering their share contributions. Safe standards would still be violated in residential areas with levels of chemicals reaching 6.25 single MPL and 7.0 average annual MPL. An optimal sufficient result, considering this share contribution, would be a reduction in emissions from all heat-power engineering objects by 3.47 thousand tons of 10 specific chemicals. This is lower than a reduction planned within the Complex plan on total emission reduction (18.1 thousand tons). To ensure conformity with safe standards that stipulate chemical levels in ambient air and to achieve permissible risk levels, it is necessary to apply a differentiated approach to reductions in emissions (by 1.06 thousand tons overall), which targets specific chemicals, at other sources of ambient air pollution. Use of a differentiated approach to selecting optimal regulatory actions as regards all sources of ambient air pollution considering their share contributions will make it possible to define priority environmental protection activities, adjust the Complex plans and ensure conformity with safe standards and permissible risk levels in all residential areas.

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“…По установленным в рамках данного исследования приоритетным веществам регистрируются превышения гигиенических нормативов и/или допустимых параметров риска здоровью. Актуализация внимания к данным приоритетным веществам, снижение их выбросов и систематический мониторинг позволят минимизировать формируемые риски и причиненный вред здоровью населения исследуемой территории [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Выводы 1.…”

unclassified

Update of Ambient Air Pollution Monitoring Programs within Regional-Level Implementation of National Projects

May¹,

Kleyn²,

Maksimova³

et al. 2023

PH&LE

1

0

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Introduction: The Federal Clean Air Project has been developed and is now implemented with the purpose of improving both ambient air quality and the quality of life of the population in 12 pilot cities, including Bratsk. An adequate air pollution control program, priority pollutant monitoring, and health risk management can facilitate improvement of the quality of human life and achievement of the targets of government projects. Objective: To update and streamline the ambient air quality monitoring program in Bratsk within implementation of national and federal projects at the regional level. Materials and methods: The updated air quality control program in Bratsk was based on the results of dispersion modeling verified by instrumental measurements of 34 pollutants at five monitoring stations of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet) and three stations of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor). The consolidated database included 2,202 sources emitting 112 chemicals, with total emissions approaching 127,207 tons per year. Hygienic analysis and health risk assessment were performed according to conventional procedures. Results: We established that airborne levels of 29 pollutants exceeded their maximum allowable concentrations (MAC), i.e. were up to 7.0 times higher than short-term MAC, 13.8 and 60 times higher than the average daily and annual MAC, respectively. We also found that 19 air contaminants posed unacceptable health risks for the local population (CR up to 1.82×10–3, HQac up to 113.2, HQcr up to 211.1). Cluster analysis of the results of health risk assessment allowed us to distinguish three clusters within the urban area. We substantiated cutting down the number of monitoring stations to one and its optimal location in Cluster 1, the expediency of moving the station in Cluster 2 and adding a station in Cluster 3 at the point of concern. Optimization of the air quality control program involves reducing the number of monitored pollutants to 8–15 chemicals that are not covered by Roshydromet air monitoring plan. Conclusions: Given the changing sanitary and epidemiological situation, streamlining of air quality monitoring programs will provide relevant and timely information, thus contributing to elaboration of effective health risk management activities.

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Selected health parameters of people living in cities included into «Pure air» Federal Project

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Optimization of regulatory actions based on a differentiated approach to managing ambient air quality and health risks

Optimization of regulatory actions based on a differentiated approach to managing ambient air quality and health risks

Optimization of regulatory actions based on a differentiated approach to managing ambient air quality and health risks

Update of Ambient Air Pollution Monitoring Programs within Regional-Level Implementation of National Projects

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