Selected Contribution: Long-lived<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>lines exhibit normal metabolic rates

Voorhies, Wayne A. Van; Khazaeli, Aziz A.; Curtsinger, James W.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00448.2003

Cited by 47 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This anomaly has been established for dogs for some time (Michell, 1999;Li et al, 1996;Patronek et al, 1997;Egenvall et al, 2000). In contrast to these data, however, several studies on different strains of Drosophila (Promislow and Haselkorn, 2002;Novoseltsev et al, 2002;Van Voorhies et al, 2003) show no relationship between energy expenditures and lifespan.…”

Section: (I) Studies Of Transgenic and Natural Mutant Animalsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Body size, energy metabolism and lifespan

Speakman

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

741

637

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Bigger animals live longer. The scaling exponent for the relationship between lifespan and body mass is between 0.15 and 0.3. Bigger animals also expend more energy, and the scaling exponent for the relationship of resting metabolic rate (RMR) to body mass lies somewhere between 0.66 and 0.8. Mass-specific RMR therefore scales with a corresponding exponent between -0.2 and -0.33. Because the exponents for mass-specific RMR are close to the exponents for lifespan, but have opposite signs, their product (the mass-specific expenditure of energy per lifespan) is independent of body mass (exponent between -0.08 and 0.08). This means that across species a gram of tissue on average expends about the same amount of energy before it dies regardless of whether that tissue is located in a shrew, a cow, an elephant or a whale. This fact led to the notion that ageing and lifespan are processes regulated by energy metabolism rates and that elevating metabolism will be associated with premature mortalitythe rate of living theory.The free-radical theory of ageing provides a potential mechanism that links metabolism to ageing phenomena, since oxygen free radicals are formed as a by-product of oxidative phosphorylation. Despite this potential synergy in these theoretical approaches, the free-radical theory has grown in stature while the rate of living theory has fallen into disrepute. This is primarily because comparisons made across classes (for example, between birds and mammals) do not conform to the expectations, and even within classes there is substantial interspecific variability in the mass-specific expenditure of energy per lifespan. Using interspecific data to test the rate of living hypothesis is, however, confused by several major problems. For example, appeals that the resultant lifetime expenditure of energy per gram of tissue is 'too variable' depend on the biological significance rather than the statistical significance of the variation observed. Moreover, maximum lifespan is not a good marker of ageing and RMR is not a good measure of total energy metabolism. Analysis of residual lifespan against residual RMR reveals no significant relationship. However, this is still based on RMR.A novel comparison using daily energy expenditure (DEE), rather than BMR, suggests that lifetime expenditure of energy per gram of tissue is NOT independent of body mass, and that tissue in smaller animals expends more energy before expiring than tissue in larger animals. Some of the residual variation in this relationship in mammals is explained by ambient temperature. In addition there is a significant negative relationship between residual lifespan and residual daily energy expenditure in mammals. A potentially much better model to explore the links of body size, metabolism and ageing is to examine the intraspecific links. These studies have generated some data that support the original rate of living theory and other data that conflict. In particular several studies have shown that manipulating animals to expend more or less energy ...

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Section: (I) Studies Of Transgenic and Natural Mutant Animalsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Body size, energy metabolism and lifespan

Speakman

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

741

637

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“…There is no association between metabolic rate and life span in five species of Drosophila (293). Similarly, laboratory-produced strains of Drosophila melanogaster that differ substantially in life span do not differ in metabolic rate (5,242,364). Furthermore, the long-living lines of Drosophila had essentially the same antioxidant enzyme activities as the short-living fruit-fly lines (242).…”

Section: Ectothermic Vertebrates and Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life and Death: Metabolic Rate, Membrane Composition, and Life Span of Animals

Hulbert¹,

Pamplona²,

Buffenstein

et al. 2007

Physiological Reviews

754

725

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Maximum life span differences among animal species exceed life span variation achieved by experimental manipulation by orders of magnitude. The differences in the characteristic maximum life span of species was initially proposed to be due to variation in mass-specific rate of metabolism. This is called the rate-of-living theory of aging and lies at the base of the oxidative-stress theory of aging, currently the most generally accepted explanation of aging. However, the rate-of-living theory of aging while helpful is not completely adequate in explaining the maximum life span. Recently, it has been discovered that the fatty acid composition of cell membranes varies systematically between species, and this underlies the variation in their metabolic rate. When combined with the fact that 1) the products of lipid peroxidation are powerful reactive molecular species, and 2) that fatty acids differ dramatically in their susceptibility to peroxidation, membrane fatty acid composition provides a mechanistic explanation of the variation in maximum life span among animal species. When the connection between metabolic rate and life span was first proposed a century ago, it was not known that membrane composition varies between species. Many of the exceptions to the rate-of-living theory appear explicable when the particular membrane fatty acid composition is considered for each case. Here we review the links between metabolic rate and maximum life span of mammals and birds as well as the linking role of membrane fatty acid composition in determining the maximum life span. The more limited information for ectothermic animals and treatments that extend life span (e.g., caloric restriction) are also reviewed.

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“…In Drosophila, O 2 input is directly correlated with CO 2 output and reflects the level of metabolism 1 . Thus, measurement of CO 2 output has successfully been used in studies related to aging and metabolism [2][3][4][5] . Here our laboratory has modified previously designed experimental setups, allowing measurement of CO 2 production in up to eighteen samples without requiring any specialized equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the accepted techniques to determine the metabolism of an organism is to measure the CO 2 produced, the O 2 consumed, or both 3,4,9 . Though, it can be assumed that one equivalent of O 2 generates one equivalent of CO 2 , the precise ratio of CO 2 generated is dependent on the metabolic substrate utilized 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Metabolic Rate in <em>Drosophila</em> using Respirometry

Yatsenko

Marrone

Kucherenko

et al. 2014

JoVE

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Metabolic disorders are a frequent problem affecting human health. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate metabolism is a crucial scientific task. Many disease causing genes in humans have a fly homologue, making Drosophila a good model to study signaling pathways involved in the development of different disorders. Additionally, the tractability of Drosophila simplifies genetic screens to aid in identifying novel therapeutic targets that may regulate metabolism. In order to perform such a screen a simple and fast method to identify changes in the metabolic state of flies is necessary. In general, carbon dioxide production is a good indicator of substrate oxidation and energy expenditure providing information about metabolic state. In this protocol we introduce a simple method to measure CO 2 output from flies. This technique can potentially aid in the identification of genetic perturbations affecting metabolic rate. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Selected Contribution: Long-livedDrosophila melanogasterlines exhibit normal metabolic rates

Cited by 47 publications

References 55 publications

Body size, energy metabolism and lifespan

Body size, energy metabolism and lifespan

Life and Death: Metabolic Rate, Membrane Composition, and Life Span of Animals

Measurement of Metabolic Rate in <em>Drosophila</em> using Respirometry

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