Seismites in Permian Barakar Formation, Raniganj Basin, India: implications on Lower Gondwana basin evolution

Bhattacharya, Bishakh; Bhattacharjee, Joyeeta; Banerjee, Sudipto; Bandyopadhyay, Sandip K.; Das, Rohini

doi:10.1007/s12517-016-2318-9

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the Raniganj Basin, the rocks of the Barakar Formation are well exposed along major river sections as well as in the mine‐cut sections of numerous open pit coal mines, which makes them amenable for detailed study and sampling for analysis (Figure b). Traditionally, the succession is characterized by rhythmic alternation of sandstone–shale–coal (“cyclothems”), with abundance of coarser clastics near the lower part and more abundance of finer clastics (argillites) in the upper part (Bhattacharya et al, , ). Lithologically, three major rock types are identified during this study, namely, (a) sandstones, which include trough cross‐stratified sandstone, plane‐laminated sandstone, and gritty to coarse‐grained massive sandstone; (b) sandstone–mudstone heteroliths, which include thick‐ to thin‐bedded sandstone alternating with mudstones; and (c) mudstones, which include claystone, siltstone, mudstone, and shale.…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, the coal‐bearing Barakar Formation was interpreted as continental fluvial in nature. In recent years, the upper part of the Barakar succession in the Raniganj Basin has been re‐evaluated and reinterpreted as deposited in a mixed fluvial–tidal interactive depositional system with evidences of minor wave influences (Bhattacharya et al, , ).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present contribution cites petrographic and geochemical evidences of marine sedimentation in the peninsular Gondwanaland during the Barakar sedimentation. Signatures of marine depositional setting during early Permian Lower Gondwana sedimentation were envisaged by several workers (Bhattacharya & Banerjee, , ; Bhattacharya et al, , ; Ghosh et al, ) using sedimentological and ichnological attributes. Distinct evidences of tide and wave influences on the channel‐fill sediments in the upper part of the Barakar succession attested to downcurrent debouching of the channels into the retreating sea.…”

Section: Implications On Palaeogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distinct evidences of tide and wave influences on the channel‐fill sediments in the upper part of the Barakar succession attested to downcurrent debouching of the channels into the retreating sea. Thus, an open sea was envisaged to be not far away from the peninsular Gondwanaland during the Barakar sedimentation (Bhattacharya et al, ).…”

Section: Implications On Palaeogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several sedimentological studies have traditionally marked a predominant fluvial depositional system for the Barakar sedimentary rocks (Casshyap & Tewari, ; Bandhyopadhyay, ; Tewari, ; and many others). Recent works on sedimentological facies attributes and ichnofabrics have ascertained a fluvio‐marine condition that prevailed at least during the deposition of the upper part of the Barakar succession (Bhattacharya, Bandyopadhyay, Mahapatra, & Banerjee, ; Bhattacharya & Banerjee, ; Bhattacharya, Bhattacharjee, Banerjee, Bandyopadhyay, & Das, ). In this study, we attempt to evaluate the palaeoweathering conditions, provenance, and source rock characteristics of sandstone, sandstone–mudstone heteroliths, and mudstones of early Permian Barakar Formation, Raniganj Coalfield, using petrographic analysis and major and trace (including rare earth) element geochemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrography and geochemistry of sandstone–mudstone from Barakar Formation (early Permian), Raniganj Basin, India: Implications for provenance, weathering and marine depositional conditions during Lower Gondwana sedimentation

Bhattacharjee

Ghosh²,

Bhattacharya

2017

Geological Journal

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Post‐glacial Permian coal‐bearing sedimentary successions are traditionally interpreted as fluvially deposited within the Gondwanaland continental set‐up throughout the globe. Recent attempts to reinterpret such successions in terms of marine flooding events, mainly based on sedimentological and ichnological attributes, raised doubt on the existing palaeogeographic model of the Late Palaeozoic Gondwanaland. Reassessing these sedimentary successions using other proxies, like petrographic and geochemical properties, may provide more reliable clues to improve the present understanding. In this paper, petrographic and geochemical analysis of sandstones, sandstone–mudstone heteroliths, and mudstones of the early Permian Barakar Formation of Lower Gondwana Supergroup, Raniganj coal Basin, India, is presented to understand the provenance, palaeoweathering pattern and palaeodepositional conditions. Petrographically, the sandstones are arkosic to sub‐arkosic in nature, with abundant unstable components and heavy minerals. Clay minerals in the matrix and the mudstones are dominated by kaolinite, illite‐smectite with authigenic glauconite, indicating a marine diagenetic realm. Mineralogical assemblage attests to sedimentation in craton interior passive margin conditions. Geochemically, the lithounits show large variations in major element and trace element (including rare earth element) concentrations. Chemical index of alteration and A–CN–K ternary plot indicate moderate to strong chemical weathering, leading to deposition of compositionally immature sediments close to their source without much recycling. Ratios of major elements (e.g., MgO, K2O, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2) signify a continental–marine transitional depositional environment developed in a stable passive margin setting under gradually warming up climatic conditions. Trace element ratios manifest an estuarine depositional setting during Barakar sedimentation, comparable with modern major river mouth estuaries. Thus, this paper provides unequivocal evidence of significant marine influence during sedimentation in the Lower Gondwana basins in India, particularly during the Permian time, and signifies the importance of re‐examining the so called “continental fluvial” coal‐bearing deposits as considerably marine‐influenced. The interpretations provide important clues in understanding and reconstructing the Permian Lower Gondwana palaeogeography in eastern peninsular India.

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Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications On Palaeogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications On Palaeogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrography and geochemistry of sandstone–mudstone from Barakar Formation (early Permian), Raniganj Basin, India: Implications for provenance, weathering and marine depositional conditions during Lower Gondwana sedimentation

Bhattacharjee

Ghosh²,

Bhattacharya

2017

Geological Journal

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Significance of seismites in the Late Cretaceous transgressive Nimar Sandstone succession, Son-Narmada rift valley, Central India

2016

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Detailed facies architecture study of the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Nimar Sandstone (Bagh Group), from Son‐Narmada rift valley, Central India, reveals deposition in a fluvial–marine environment. The lower part of the Nimar Sandstone succession depicts deposition in predominantly fluvial setting, whereas the middle–upper part of the succession manifests sedimentation under a tide‐dominated estuarine to a tide–wave influenced shoreface environment. Retrogradational nature of the successions in the upper part and lateral facies change from west to east signifies an eastwardly decreasing marine influence. This attests to a sustained event of marine transgression from the west affecting the Son‐Narmada rift valley during the Late Cretaceous time. Beds with various soft‐sediment deformation structures (SSDS), viz., convolute laminae, load and flame structures, pseudonodules, contorted beddings, syn‐sedimentary faults, and sand/silt dykes, occur in distinct stratigraphic levels within the middle part of the succession. These beds are separated by thick successions of undeformed beds. This paper reports these beds as seismites for the first time from the Son‐Narmada rift valley. The seismites signify instantaneous liquefaction and fluidization of unconsolidated sediments triggered by passage of repetitive earthquake shock waves during sedimentation in fault‐bound rift basin. These seismites are important as they mark a new phase of reactivation of the Son‐Narmada South Fault within the Son‐Narmada rift valley during the Cenomanian time. This reactivation of the Son‐Narmada South Fault led to basinal subsidence under prevalent extensional tectonism, which controlled the sedimentation during the Late Cretaceous time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Spectacular Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures in Sedimentary Rock Outcrops of Damodar Valley Basin, West Bengal, India: A Field Guide

Samanta¹,

Kundu²

2023

Springer Geology

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Seismites in Permian Barakar Formation, Raniganj Basin, India: implications on Lower Gondwana basin evolution

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Petrography and geochemistry of sandstone–mudstone from Barakar Formation (early Permian), Raniganj Basin, India: Implications for provenance, weathering and marine depositional conditions during Lower Gondwana sedimentation

Petrography and geochemistry of sandstone–mudstone from Barakar Formation (early Permian), Raniganj Basin, India: Implications for provenance, weathering and marine depositional conditions during Lower Gondwana sedimentation

Significance of seismites in the Late Cretaceous transgressive Nimar Sandstone succession, Son-Narmada rift valley, Central India

Spectacular Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures in Sedimentary Rock Outcrops of Damodar Valley Basin, West Bengal, India: A Field Guide

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