Seismic stratigraphy of Lake Van, eastern Turkey

Cukur, Deniz; Krastel, Sebastian; Schmincke, Hans‐Ulrich; Sumita, Mari; Ćaǧatay, M. Namık; Meydan, A. F.; Damcı, Emre; Stockhecke, Mona

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.07.016

Cited by 34 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This lakel level fall is also supported by deposition of dolomite, low TOC and increased rate of mass flow events in the ICDP borehole sections Stockhecke et al, 2013), and subaqueous prograding deltas at ca -200 m in the seismic sections in the Northern and Tatvan basins (Damc› et al, 2012;Çukur et al, 2014).…”

Section: Terraces and Lake Level Changesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…During this time, the lake level reached 1676 masl (~30 m above the present lake level). These terraces were deposited during a transgression following the major regression at 16-15 ka BP and a somewhat smaller scale regression during the Younger Dryas (Landmann et al, 1996a(Landmann et al, , b, 2011Çukur et al, 2014;Ça¤atay et al, 2014).…”

Section: Terraces and Lake Level Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Late Quaternary Tectono-Stratigraphic Evolution of the Lake Van, Turkey

Görür¹,

Çağatay²,

Zabcı³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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Many of the terraces around the Lake Van record a relatively short period of the much longer geological history of the Lake Van Basin. Their deposition took place during the last ca. 125 ka BP. They accumulated in a large array of shallow lake and lake margin environments, such as alluvial fan/braided river, beach, Gilbert-type delta, nearshore lake and offshore lake. Variability of their lithofacies provides evidence for climatic and tectonic controls of their depositional conditions. During their deposition high relief areas in the watershed delivered abundant detritus to the coastal areas of the lake. The sedimentation was therefore dominated by terrigenous clastic deposits. The highest concentrations of the coarse clastic sediments were at the mouths of the major streams where they formed Gilbert-type deltas. These river-dominated lacustrine deltas formed during rising lake levels and are relatively more abundant and thicker in the eastern margin of the lake, indicating that this margin mostly had a low-energy coast sheltered from the prevailing westerly winds. However, some areas of the same margin adjacent to deltas were also supplied with sediments by waves and storm-induced longshore currents to form beaches. Storms and storm-generated traction currents were perhaps active agents along the shores of the Lake Paleo-Van as suggested by the presence of the coarse-grained material in its nearshore facies. Somehow, during times of lake highstands, turbidity currents seem not to have played an important role in the sediment transportation along the lake margin, because the nearshore sediments hardly show any evidence of turbidite depositon, such as graded bedding and sole-marks. The offshore lake was relatively quite standing water, depositing laterally persistent, thinly-bedded to varved and fine-grained sandstones and mudstones in part with hydroplastic disruptions, such as slumps and convolute beddings. Because of the lack of sufficient datings of the terrace sequences around Lake Van, we cannot correlate them unequivocally. However, the absence of large-scale cyclicity within a given terrace sequence in each locality suggests that deposition of each terrace occurred during a separate lake level fluctuation each reaching to higher level than the modern lake level followed by a regression. The available age data suggest that high lake levels, reaching up to 1760 m asl, occurred during the last interglacial (MIS 5; 123-71 ka BP), 26-24 ka BP, 22-21 ka BP and 10-6 ka BP. The younging of the terrace deposits along with the decrease in elevation suggests either a gradual decline of lake level with time, or the effect of the cumulative uplift with time or both. The fluctuating lake level was probably due to a combination of climatic, volcanic and tectonic processes. Considering the hydrologically closed nature of the lake, climate probably played more important role than the others. Since the formation of the youngest terrace sediments of 6 ka BP, perhaps the climate in the basin has been mostly relatively more ar...

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Section: Terraces and Lake Level Changesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Terraces and Lake Level Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Late Quaternary Tectono-Stratigraphic Evolution of the Lake Van, Turkey

Görür¹,

Çağatay²,

Zabcı³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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“…The recent International Continental Drilling Project (ICDP) PALAEO-VAN project has focused on coring the varved sediments from two locations within Lake Van (Litt et al 2009(Litt et al , 2012Cukur et al 2014;Litt & Anselmetti 2014;Stockhecke et al 2014). Work is ongoing to establish the chronology, but Litt et al (2009) observe extensive seismites in the test drill cores, attributing them to the repeated occurrence of earthquakes throughout the last 500 ka.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismotectonics and rupture process of theM_W 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening

Mackenzie¹,

Elliott²,

Altunel

et al. 2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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S U M M A R YThe 2011 October 23 M W 7.1 Van earthquake in eastern Turkey caused ∼600 deaths and caused widespread damage and economic loss. The seismogenic rupture was restricted to 10-25 km in depth, but aseismic surface creep, coincident with outcrop fault exposures, was observed in the hours to months after the earthquake. We combine observations from radar interferometry, seismology, geomorphology and Quaternary dating to investigate the geological slip rate and seismotectonic context of the Van earthquake, and assess the implications for continuing seismic hazard in the region. Transient post-seismic slip on the upper Van fault started immediately following the earthquake, and decayed over a period of weeks; it may not fully account for our long-term surface slip-rate estimate of ≥0.5 mm yr −1 . Post-seismic slip on the Bostaniçi splay fault initiated several days to weeks after the main shock, and we infer that it may have followed the M W 5.9 aftershock on the 9th November. The Van earthquake shows that updip segmentation can be important in arresting seismic ruptures on dip-slip faults. Two large, shallow aftershocks show that the upper 10 km of crust can sustain significant earthquakes, and significant slip is observed to have reached the surface in the late Quaternary, so there may be a continuing seismic hazard from the upper Van fault and the associated splay. The wavelength of folding in the hanging wall of the Van fault is dominated by the structure in the upper 10 km of the crust, masking the effect of deeper seismogenic structures. Thus, models of subsurface faulting based solely on surface folding and faulting in regions of reverse faulting may underestimate the full depth extent of seismogenic structures in the region. In measuring the cumulative post-seismic offsets to anthropogenic structures, we show that Structure-from-Motion can be rapidly deployed to create snapshots of postseismic displacement. We also demonstrate the utility of declassified Corona mission imagery (1960s-1970s) for geomorphic mapping in areas where recent urbanization has concealed the geomorphic markers.

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“…The deepest of these, the Tatvan Basin, has been determined to contain 600,000 years of lacustrine sediments (Litt et al, 2014;Cukur et al, 2013Cukur et al, , 2014. The Deveboynu Basin is smaller than Tatvan with 1.5 km E-W extension and 6 km N-S extension and average water depth of 300 m (Cukur et al 2013(Cukur et al , 2014. The study area placed on a section, nearly 18 km shelf with E-W orientation and nearly 8 km of slope feeding the Deveboynu Basin from the east.…”

Section: Neotectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lake Van contains three important basins called Tatvan, North and Deveboynu, separated by ridges (Cukur et al 2013(Cukur et al , 2014. The deepest of these, the Tatvan Basin, has been determined to contain 600,000 years of lacustrine sediments (Litt et al, 2014;Cukur et al, 2013Cukur et al, , 2014. The Deveboynu Basin is smaller than Tatvan with 1.5 km E-W extension and 6 km N-S extension and average water depth of 300 m (Cukur et al 2013(Cukur et al , 2014.…”

Section: Neotectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic Deformations in the Quaternary Deposits of the Lake Van (Edremi̇t Bay), Eastern Anatolia, Turkey

Özalp¹,

Aydemir²,

Olgun³

et al. 2016

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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The 23 October 2011 Van Earthquake (Mw: 7.2) was generated by the Van Fault Zone (VFZ) with reverse fault characteristics. The earthquake on the fault caused surface deformation with 10 cm displacement observed in engineering structures. On land the VFZ has general E-W strike and 28 km length. The western end of the fault is within Lake Van. This study aimed to determine the tectonic structures and evolution in the Quaternary of Edremit Bay using detailed mapping of the VFZ with land and underwater research methods, investigation of its continuation into Lake Van and common assessment of land and underwater data. Continental data showed the presence of E-W fold axes affecting Quaternary units in the hanging-wall and footwall of the VFZ. Offshore studies using shallow seismic profiling (GeoAcoustics) and multibeam bathymetric data acquisition determined that the underwater section of the VFZ had similar characteristics to those on land. Quaternary successions on the lake floor observed on seismic sections clearly showed folds in both blocks of the fault with axes parallel to the strike of the fault. The underwater ridge that is an extension of Çarpanak Cape coincides with the ridge structure on the hanging-wall block of the fault on land. Surface deformation related to the 23 October 2011 earthquake developed in a broad zone of the hanging wall of the VFZ. The research findings show the deformation along the VFZ in the Quaternary is in accordance with the deformations developing during the last earthquake.

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Seismic stratigraphy of Lake Van, eastern Turkey

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

The Late Quaternary Tectono-Stratigraphic Evolution of the Lake Van, Turkey

The Late Quaternary Tectono-Stratigraphic Evolution of the Lake Van, Turkey

Seismotectonics and rupture process of theM_W 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening

Tectonic Deformations in the Quaternary Deposits of the Lake Van (Edremi̇t Bay), Eastern Anatolia, Turkey

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Seismic stratigraphy of Lake Van, eastern Turkey

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

The Late Quaternary Tectono-Stratigraphic Evolution of the Lake Van, Turkey

The Late Quaternary Tectono-Stratigraphic Evolution of the Lake Van, Turkey

Seismotectonics and rupture process of theMW 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening

Tectonic Deformations in the Quaternary Deposits of the Lake Van (Edremi̇t Bay), Eastern Anatolia, Turkey

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Seismotectonics and rupture process of theM_W 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening