“…Nonetheless, most of the scientific works focusing on seismic loss estimation do not account for the contribution of infills (despite their widespread use in typical residential RC buildings) and services (like plumbing or electrical system), the latter generally enclosed within infill panels (or strictly interacting with them) for this building typology. In fact, the main approaches for loss estimation developed in Italy since the end of the 80s (Guagenti et al, 1988;Yang et al, 1989;Colonna et al, 1994;Bramerini et al, 1995;Di Pasquale and Orsini, 1998;Di Pasquale et al, 2005) make use of the empirical Damage Probability Matrix (DPMs), discarding the contribution of infills on damage estimation of RC buildings, to account for expected annual loss through the use of suitable damage factor (DF) coefficients. Only recently, Dolce et al (2019) develop seismic risk maps for Italy, taking advantage of the use of fragility curves for RC buildings (Rosti et al, 2020) and also explicitly accounting for infill contribution in damage evaluation.…”