Segregating the Distinct Effects of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity on Older Adults’ Cardiovascular Structure and Function: Part 1—Linear Regression Analysis Approach

Abstract

Patterns of PB are more robust predictors of CVP than PB (hours per day). The prediction that popliteal intima-media thickness would be negatively associated with increased standing and light-intensity PA engagement suggests that older adults could obtain health benefits without MVPA engagement.

Influence of Habitual Physical Behavior – Sleeping, Sedentarism, Physical Activity – On Bone Health in Community-Dwelling Older People

“…We have previously cross validated this accelerometer data processing approach using directly measured activities in older persons (Wullems et al, 2017). Here, we quantified 26 common components of PB [for detailed definitions read (Ryan et al, 2018a,b)]:…”

“…In Western societies the average older-adult is highly sedentary and spends up to 80% of their waking time in sedentary behavior (SB) that increases the risk of cardio-metabolic, vascular and musculoskeletal dysfunction (Bey and Hamilton, 2003; Matthews et al, 2008; Proper et al, 2011; Wullems et al, 2016; Ryan et al, 2018a,c). During aging people suffer from a loss of bone mass (Alffram and Bauer, 1962).…”

Reliability and validity of the international physical activity questionnaire compared to calibrated accelerometer cut-off points in the quantification of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in older adults

“…The SB (≤1.50 METs) cut-off point was 0.057 G and the MVPA (≥3.00 METs) cut-off point was 0.216 G. These cut-off points were derived from a systematic validation of the GENEA against expired gas samples of older adults collected during a laboratory-based activity calibration protocol, where ten ambulatory functions (i.e. 1-lying down, 2-sitting, 3-standing quietly, 4-self-selected ground walking, 5-brisk walk on treadmill, 6–3.5Km/hr walk on treadmill, 7-self-selected walk on treadmill, 8-self-selected weighted-vest treadmill walking (at 15% of body weight), 9-repeated side-stepping, 10-cycling) were monitored with concurrent gas analyses, heart rate, motion analysis and accelerometer output [ 5 ]. There was a strong explained variance between Residual G and METs ( r 2 = 0.89, p < 0.001).…”

“…There was a strong explained variance between Residual G and METs ( r 2 = 0.89, p < 0.001). Residual G cut-off points and MET thresholds had a strong agreement in posture (Cohen’s kappa = 1.00, p < 0.001) and SB/PA intensity (Cohen’s kappa = 0.81, p < 0.001) identification [ 5 ]. During in house calibration, it was found that one MET was equal to the RMR of the participant to help account for individual differences in physical fitness.…”

“…However, given that older adults are expected to only spend 55% of their remaining years in ‘good’ health (at the age of 65 years) [ 3 ], there has been a focus on improving quality of life in remaining years rather than extending the amount of life years. Pre-clinical markers of cardiovascular disease (one of the most prevalent disease states in older adults [ 4 ]) have highlighted possible independent effects of SB and MVPA in our previous work [ 5 , 6 ] and others [ 7 – 11 ]. Therefore, the ability to measure SB and MVPA separately is a purported strength of the IPAQ, particularly when attempting to establish links between SB, MVPA, and pre-clinical health status.…”