Segregating socioeconomic classes leads to an unequal redistribution of wealth

Pansini, Riccardo; Campennì, Marco; Ши, Лей

doi:10.1057/s41599-020-0419-2

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…In the literature, there exist some works that use ABM, game theory, and human subject experiments. In all research cases, none used a hybrid approach; either game theory was the context of the human subject experiment while the ABM was used to generate input data [78][79][80][81] or the ABM was used to validate the result of the human subject experiment. 82,83 In this section, we provided the background to ABM and simulation, CGT with specific attention to hedonic games, and human subject experiment applications in these two contexts; this provides the background need for our research approach.…”

Section: Abmscorementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computerized agents versus human agents in finding core coalition in glove games

2022

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One of the challenges for agent-based modeling is being able to incorporate human behavior. Human behavior is a multifaceted phenomenon, with strategic coalition formation being one form. A hybrid agent-based modeling approach, called ABMSCORE, has been derived to emulate strategic group formation. In this paper, we describe a simulation experiment to compare the ABMSCORE with actual human behavior. The comparison criterion is the respective rates of finding an ideal coalition. In our experimental design, we go to great lengths to ensure the similarity of the scenarios in the two trial types: trials with computerized agents only and trials involving human participants when one of the computerized agents is replaced by an actual human. We did this to limit the number of possible extraneous variables introduced into the experimental system. The scenario considered is the glove game, a standard cooperative game that has been previously used in human experiments. Our results indicate that the ABMSCORE model produces similar rates of finding the ideal coalition as the human players; however, there are some limitations. This research provides evidence for using the ABMSCORE modeling approach to model human strategic coalition formation in agent-based models.

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Section: Abmscorementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computerized agents versus human agents in finding core coalition in glove games

2022

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“…In an incentive situation, Dal Forno and Merlone [50] used the social dilemma to run a human subject experiment to capture human behavior, where grounded theory was used to reveal the rules from the experiment; these rules were then used as an input to the ABMS to check the accuracy of results from grounded theory. Pansini et al [51] did a human subject experiment based on the prisoners' dilemma to study how mutual profitability can be gained in a society with uneven distribution of wealth between citizens while the ABMS was used to validate the result.…”

Section: Game Theory and Agent-based Modeling In Human Subject Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Agent-Based Simulation for Experimentation: A Case Study with Cooperative Game Theory

Collins

Etemadidavan

2021

Modelling

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Incorporating human behavior is a current challenge for agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS). Human behavior includes many different aspects depending on the scenario considered. The scenario context of this paper is strategic coalition formation, which is traditionally modeled using cooperative game theory, but we use ABMS instead; as such, it needs to be validated. One approach to validation is to compare the recorded behavior of humans to what was observed in our simulation. We suggest that using an interactive simulation is a good approach to collecting the necessary human behavior data because the humans would be playing in precisely the same context as the computerized agents. However, such a validation approach may be suspectable to extraneous effects. In this paper, we conducted a correlation research experiment that included an investigation into whether game theory experience, an extraneous variable, affects human behavior in our interactive simulation; our results indicate that it did not make a significant difference. However, in only 42 percent of the trials did the human participants’ behavior result in an outcome predicted by the underlying theory used in our model, i.e., cooperative game theory. This paper also provides a detailed case study for creating an interactive simulation for experimentation.

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“…We are aware that the individuals’ unequal resource holdings affect the willingness to cooperate at a given time ( Pansini et al, 2020 ). In view of the research results involving asymmetry, it is generally believed that asymmetry can have negative consequences for interpersonal relationships ( Molho et al, 2019 ), which means asymmetry is typically associated with more selfish behavior ( Handgraaf et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of the research results involving asymmetry, it is generally believed that asymmetry can have negative consequences for interpersonal relationships ( Molho et al, 2019 ), which means asymmetry is typically associated with more selfish behavior ( Handgraaf et al, 2008 ). We are aware that the individuals’ unequal resource holdings affect the willingness to cooperate at a given time ( Hauser et al, 2019 ; Riccardo Pansini et al, 2020 ). In previous research, it was found that asymmetric settings would reduce the cooperative behavior of individuals, and they did not reach a consistent conclusion on the cooperative differences between the strong and weak individuals ( Croson, 1999 ; Beckenkamp et al, 2007 ; Phillips, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Social Distance and Asymmetric Reward and Punishment on Individual Cooperative Behavior in Dilemma Situations

Zhang

Jin

Lin³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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The behavior decisions in social dilemmas are highlighted in sociological, economic, and social psychological studies. Across two studies, the iterated prisoner’s dilemma is used as a basic paradigm to explore the effects of social distance and asymmetric reward and punishment on an individual’s cooperative behavior. Experiment 1 (N = 80) used a 2 (social distance: intimacy vs. strangeness) × 2 (symmetry of rewards: symmetric rewards vs. asymmetric rewards) within-subject design and demonstrated that when there were only two options, namely, cooperation and defection, cooperative behavior was influenced by social distance and symmetry of rewards, respectively, and the interaction was not significant. Experiment 2 (N = 80) used a 2 (social distance: intimacy vs. strangeness) × 2 (symmetry of punishment: symmetric punishment vs. asymmetric punishment) within-subject design and showed that the cooperative behavior of participants decreased when the punishment option was added, and the two levels of symmetry and asymmetry were set. Specifically, compared with the symmetric punishment group, the asymmetric punishment group was more likely to choose a defection strategy and less likely to use a punishment strategy. Moreover, there was a marginal interaction effect between social distance and symmetry of punishment, and symmetry of punishment was a significant mediator in the relationship between social distance and individual cooperation. Specifically, asymmetric punishment reduced only the cooperation rate (CR) between participants and their friends. In conclusion, in dilemma situations, asymmetric reward did not influence individual cooperative behavior at different social distances, while asymmetric punishment did, because the sense of loss was more likely to awaken an individual’s social comparison motives.

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Segregating socioeconomic classes leads to an unequal redistribution of wealth

Cited by 8 publications

References 96 publications

Computerized agents versus human agents in finding core coalition in glove games

Computerized agents versus human agents in finding core coalition in glove games

Interactive Agent-Based Simulation for Experimentation: A Case Study with Cooperative Game Theory

The Effects of Social Distance and Asymmetric Reward and Punishment on Individual Cooperative Behavior in Dilemma Situations

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