Segmenting Chinese Gamblers Based on Gambling Forms: A Latent Class Analysis

Nong, Sunny Zhenzhen; Fong, Lawrence Hoc Nang; Fong, Davis Ka Chio; Lam, Desmond

doi:10.1007/s10899-019-09877-6

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Perhaps, these players are less interested or responsive to a personal contact. Lottery players as a group also have less problem gambling severity (Nong et al 2020 ), and perhaps have less need to reduce their expenditures. Further research that includes a measure of problem severity for high expenditure players would provide a more nuanced interpretation of these results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the research on RG has targeted measures developed for specific gambling forms (e.g., installing certain RG features on EGMs). A recent study found three distinct segments among gambling customers in Macau, and members of the casino gambling group were more likely to report symptoms of gambling disorder than the lottery and sociable gambler group members, suggesting a need for different interventions for different subtypes of gamblers (Nong et al 2020 ). Studies of the differential effects of specific RG measures on different subtypes of gamblers are rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reaching Out to Big Losers: How Different Types of Gamblers are Affected by a Brief Motivational Contact Initiated by the Gambling Provider

et al. 2020

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Telephone and letter-based motivational interventions with high expenditure gamblers have significant short and long term positive effects on gambling and use of responsible gambling tools. This report examines how different subtypes of gamblers, based upon patterns of play, are differentially affected. A randomized controlled trial design with three conditions (n = 1003 in each): feedback intervention by letter, telephone or a no-contact control condition. Subtypes of gamblers were derived by latent class analyses (LCA) based upon gambling behavior pre intervention. The participants were customers of Norsk Tipping gambling platforms. 1003 statistical triplets from the top 0.5% of customers based upon annual expenditure, matched on sex, age, and net losses. Primary outcome measure was gambling theoretical loss (TL), derived from the Norsk Tipping customer database. The LCA identified six subtypes: High Casino, High Sport, High Lottery, High Video lottery terminal (VLT), Lottery/Mix and Bingo/Casino. There were almost no differences in change in TL between the six subtypes of gamblers receiving the letter or telefone interventions respectively. However, the choice of contact by letter or telephone did have different effects for the different gambling subtypes. Sending a letter seems like a cost effective alternative to telephone contact for the High Lottery type, but telephone contact performs better for High Casino, High Sport and High VLT customers. Responsible gambling interventions can be improved by subtyping of gamblers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaching Out to Big Losers: How Different Types of Gamblers are Affected by a Brief Motivational Contact Initiated by the Gambling Provider

et al. 2020

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“…The 14 studies included indicate that women who gambled prefer non-strategic types of gambling (bingo, lottery, scratch cards), whereas men who gamble prefer more strategic games (casino games, horse race and sports betting) ( Bonnaire et al, 2017 ; Leung & Tsang, 2011 ; Lopez-Gonzalez, Russell, Hing, Estévez, & Griffiths, 2020 ; Nong, Fong, Fong, & Lam, 2020 ; Nower & Blaszczynski, 2006 ; Odlaug et al, 2011 ; Potenza et al, 2006 ; Ronzitti et al, 2016 ; Stevens & Young, 2010 ; Svensson & Romild, 2014 ; Toneatto & Wang, 2009 ; van der Maas et al, 2018 ; Williams et al, 2013 ). However, age may be an important confounding factor as younger age is associated with a preference for strategic games and men who gamble tend to start gambling earlier ( Bonnaire et al, 2017 ; Odlaug et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in problem and pathological gambling: A narrative review considering sex and gender

Gartner

Bickl

Härtl

et al. 2022

JBA

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Background and aim A wide range of studies indicates that men and women with Problem (PrG) and Pathological Gambling (PG) differ in several clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. However, evidence for sex differences, such as the telescoping effect, is contradictory, and it is still unclear whether sex differences observed in offline gambling can also be found for online gambling. Furthermore, reviews have so far focused on binary sex differences but neglect gender aspects. In this study, an updated literature survey of sex- and gender-related differences in PrG and PG was conducted. Methods We searched PsyInfo, Medline/Pubmed, and the Web of Science databases from 2005 to 2020 for studies investigating sex and gender differences in gambling. A total of 126 papers were included in the literature survey. Results We are presenting our findings according to the categories ‘prevalence’ (offline, online, LGBTQI*), ‘sociodemographic factors’, ‘preferred gambling type’, ‘gambling motives’, ‘severity’, ‘progression of gambling problems’, ‘use of professional help/motivation for treatment’, ‘comorbidity’, ‘trauma’, ‘violence and criminality/delinquency’. The studies indicate that, despite some robust sex differences (e.g., concerning prevalence rates), results for most areas were mixed or suggest no sex differences (e.g., violence, gambling motives). Discussion and conclusion To date, there is a lack of studies assessing gender, and not only sex, warranting further research in this area.

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“…Since this study is related to a gambling destination, five measurable items are added for reflecting the image of the gambling destination. These adjectives are greedy-contented (Horch and Hodgins, 2013 ; Hing and Russell, 2017 ; Miller and Thomas, 2017 ), uncontrolled-controlled (Miller and Thomas, 2017 ; Nong et al, 2020 ), selfish-generous (Ohtsuka and Chan, 2009 ; Miller and Thomas, 2017 ; Brown and Russell, 2020 ), relaxed-stressed (Kneesel et al, 2010 ; Wong and Rosenbaum, 2012 ; Ma and Lai, 2016 ), and lucky-unlucky (Lee et al, 2006 ; Vong, 2007 ; Rodriguez et al, 2014 ). Since studies in gambling highlighted that players are greedy, uncontrolled, generous, stressed, and unlucky during gambling (Jefferson and Nicki, 2003 ; Ohtsuka and Chan, 2009 ; Ferentzy and Turner, 2013 ; Horch and Hodgins, 2013 ; Miller and Thomas, 2017 ; Brown and Russell, 2020 ), these five adjectives are included in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actual Self-Image Versus Ideal Self-Image: An Exploratory Study of Self-Congruity Effects on Gambling Tourism

Lai

2021

Front. Psychol.

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This study aims to apply self-congruity theory to examine the relationship between self-congruity of tourists and their perceived image of a gambling destination. This study employs the Euclidean distance model and extends Malhotra's pars of adjectives with five new items about gambling motives. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was used, and a total of 152 samples were collected from tourists in Macau. The results show that the actual self-image of tourists is more related to their perception of Macau image. For actual congruence, tourists exhibit a greater tendency to match the informal, liberal, and emotional image of Macau. For ideal congruence, they have a tendency to match the contemporary, organized, and pleasant image of Macau. This study makes up for the deficiency of self-congruity theory in tourism research. This study helps tourism departments to develop appropriate strategies to promote gambling tourism and disseminate relevant information that can bring gambling destinations closer to tourists.

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Segmenting Chinese Gamblers Based on Gambling Forms: A Latent Class Analysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Reaching Out to Big Losers: How Different Types of Gamblers are Affected by a Brief Motivational Contact Initiated by the Gambling Provider

Reaching Out to Big Losers: How Different Types of Gamblers are Affected by a Brief Motivational Contact Initiated by the Gambling Provider

Differences in problem and pathological gambling: A narrative review considering sex and gender

Actual Self-Image Versus Ideal Self-Image: An Exploratory Study of Self-Congruity Effects on Gambling Tourism

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