Segmental Organization of the Pig Liver: Anatomical Basis of Controlled Partition for Experimental Grafting

Filipponi, Franco; Leoncini, Giuseppe; Campatelli, A; Bagnolesi, A; Perri, Giulio C.; Romagnoli, Paolo; Mosca, Franco

doi:10.1159/000129394

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The Editors have satisfied themselves that all authors have contributed significantly to this publication and biliary anatomy, and little published information on the segmental anatomy 1,2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Segmental nature of the porcine liver and its potential as a model for experimental partial hepatectomy

Court

Wemyss‐Holden

Morrison

et al. 2003

British Journal of Surgery

116

111

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Acrylic casting of the porcine liver accurately delineates the vascular and biliary anatomy, and is a useful tool for performing experimental liver surgery. The similarities between porcine and human segmental anatomy allow domestic swine to be used as a comparable model. Three-dimensional CT reconstructions can also accurately visualize the anatomy and may be used to perform virtual surgery, or to assess segmental volumes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Segmental nature of the porcine liver and its potential as a model for experimental partial hepatectomy

Court

Wemyss‐Holden

Morrison

et al. 2003

British Journal of Surgery

116

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the training of surgeons, researches and others professionals, the swine have been used as experimental model in different types of surgeries and transplants (Triviño et al, 1992;Richer et al, 1994;Filipponi et al, 1995;Minh, 1996;Bhutani, 1998;Taniguchi et al, 1998), interpretations of abdominal arteriography (Nayar et al, 1983), in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Batista et al, 1993) and in morphologic and angiographic studies (Innocenti et al, 1997;Sun and Zhang, 1989;Sanches et al, 1994). Therefore it is extremely necessary to have the knowledge of its visceral anatomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAMIFICATION OF THE HEPATIC ARTERY IN SWINE (Sus scrofa domestica)

2004

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SUMMARY:We have described the anatomical variations in the ramification of the hepatic artery of males and females adult pigs. The hepatic artery of in block removed -stomach, liver and duodenum specimens (n=30), was injected of neoprene latex and dissected. The ramification of the hepatic artery in these animals presented three basic patterns: trifurcation, bifurcation and quadruple ramification, giving origin to vessels supplying the lobes of the liver and neighboring structures. In these three patterns the hepatic artery may or may not posses collateral branches.KEY WORDS: 1. Hepatic artery; 2. Visceral anatomy; 3. Sus scrofa domestica. 264In the first type, by trifurcation of the hepatic artery (3 livers studied), before penetrating in the hepatic lobes, and free from collateral branches (Fig.1), becomes the gastroduodenal artery and originates two more arteries, one with branches for the caudate, right lateral, right medial lobes an the gall bladder (cystic artery).The other one, supply with branches for the quadrate, left medial, left lateral lobes and branches for the stomach including the right gastric artery.In some others subtypes of this first type (5 livers), with quite accentuated variations from one liver to another, the hepatic artery supplies terminal branches for the caudate, right lateral, right medial, quadrate, left medial and left lateral lobes, as well as, for the gall bladder, the stomach, the cystic and gastric right arteries, respectively.In the second type, by trifurcation (7 livers), one or more collateral branches of the trunk of the hepatic artery are variably observed supplying the caudate, right medial, right lateral, quadrate lobes and the gall bladder (cystic artery), as a result it follows the trifurcation of the hepatic artery or tripod, namely, the gastroduodenal artery, two more arteries that ramify with accentuated variation in the six hepatic lobes of the swine.In the pattern of the bifurcation type of the hepatic artery (43.33%, Fig.2), which is free from collateral branches (first type), there is a characterised distribution by a right branch that is the gastroduodenal artery, and a left branch from where some trunks originate which irrigate in an extremely variable way the six lobes of the liver, the gall bladder (cystic artery) and the stomach, where it then branches off in the right gastric artery.Occasionally (3 pieces studied), the gastroduodenal artery can also give rise to collateral artery that distributes to the lesser curvature of the stomach and in the caudate, right lateral and right medial lobes.In the second type of the bifurcation of the hepatic artery, in which it emits collaterals which supply the caudate, right lateral, right medial lobes and the gall bladder (cystic artery), the hepatic artery branches off in the gastroduodenal artery and in the left branch.The gastroduodenal artery can suppy branches for the caudate, right lateral, right medial, quadrate lobes, gall bladder (cystic artery) and branches for the lesser stomach curvature. The left branch...

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“…There are two main anatomical differences between human and pig with great impact on the liver transplantation technique: (1) intrahepatic parenchymal trajectory of inferior vena www.intechopen.com cava (Filipponi et al, 1995;Fondevila et al, 2010) which makes the dissection of this vein off the hepatic parenchyma impossible in pigs; (2) the existence of a very short segment of suprahepatic inferior vena cava, intimately attached to the diaphragm, which leads to difficulty in hepatic vascular reconstruction. (Sirbu Boeti et al, 2008) Donor and recipient pigs can be operated on by the same team of surgeons.…”

Section: Anesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pig orthotopic liver transplantation models offer some advantages over the dog models: (1) pigs are considered the most realistic choice due to the low cost, availability, and ethical reasons; (2) there is no outflow phenomenon because, different from dogs, pigs have no muscular sphincters at the confluence of suprahepatic inferior cava vein which tangle the blood flow at this level; (3) pig liver orthotopically transplanted into another animal remains fully functional even for periods of months without immunosuppressive therapy; (4) pig models offer a much closer resemblance with the human liver transplantation than dog models, because the pig liver is a firm and coherent organ, composed of eight segments (Filipponi et al, 1995) homologous to those of the human liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%