Segmental distraction osteogenesis with modified LeFort II osteotomy for a patient with craniosynostosis

Treatment of midfacial hypoplasia in syndromic and cleft lip and palate patients by means of a rigid external distractor (RED)

“…The benefit of combining these two techniques includes a skeletal correction resulting, mainly, from the distraction technique, followed by a refinement of the positioning of bones and of the occlusion, consequent from the orthognathic surgery; or from the use of osteotomies with simultaneous distraction. 32 The treatment of patients with maxillary and midface hypoplasia, depending on the distraction osteogenesis technique, involves technical aspects that need more studies to clarify questions related to the individual response to the treatment. Regarding the technique, there are guides for the recommendation of isolated distraction or combined to conventional orthognathic surgery.…”

Indications of Lefort osteotomies for facial deformities induced by craniosynostosis

“…Distraction osteogenesis can be combined with Lefort II and Lefort III osteotomies if the advancement is more than 1 cm [24]. Indeed, an advancement of more than 1 cm can be difficult to manage because of the strength of the soft tissues.…”

An Update on Midface Advancement Using Le Fort II and III Distraction Osteogenesis

“…The aims of the Le Fort II DO are to re-establish ideal overjet and overbite and achieve an acceptable occlusion with good functional class I occlusion. 17,[24][25][26] At the same time, the Le Fort II allows for lengthening of the nose, a pleasing effect especially in syndromic patients with a classic "dish face" and short nose such as Apert syndrome. 25…”