Seeds of peace? Land reform and civil war recurrence following negotiated settlements

Keels, Eric; Mason, T. David

doi:10.1177/0010836717750201

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Based on empirical evidence, the involvement of agrarian reforms following a conflict has the potential to decrease the likelihood of renewed conflicts, particularly in countries where agriculture plays a significant role in the economy [37]. Certainly, such success can only be achieved if accompanied by proper planning.…”

Section: Ideal Policies To Achieve Welfare and Maintain Peacementioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Land Redistribution for Sustainable Peacebuilding in Aceh, Indonesia

Tarfi,

Ismail,

Idami

et al. 2023

IJSDP

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The redistribution of agricultural land to former combatants, amnestied political prisoners, and victims of conflict is a key focus during the post-conflict peacebuilding process in Aceh. This strategy forms an essential component of peace agreements, facilitating social reconciliation and economic recovery. This paper sets out to investigate the progression of the provision of agricultural land rights from a legal perspective. Employing a normative approach, this study reviews various legal materials (laws and regulations) and other literature (research publications and government reports). Findings indicate that policy restrictions regarding the authority to distribute land, exercised by both central and regional governments, contribute to the sluggish pace of the land redistribution program. The identification of subjects and objects also poses challenges due to a multitude of complex factors, including inadequate databases, limited land availability, and ineffective collaboration among stakeholders. To expedite the process of land redistribution, the program should be implemented with a collaborative policy perspective, encompassing agrarian reform and a multisectoral approach.

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Section: Ideal Policies To Achieve Welfare and Maintain Peacementioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Land Redistribution for Sustainable Peacebuilding in Aceh, Indonesia

Tarfi,

Ismail,

Idami

et al. 2023

IJSDP

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“…Misalnya, pelaksanaan redistribusi tanah di El Salvador memiliki banyak permasalahan, seperti kualitas tanah yang dialokasikan buruk, serta pemerintah kurang mampu menjamin legalitas dan memberikan bantuan teknis atau keterampilan sehingga banyak mantan kombatan yang kembali berbuat tindakan kriminal (Unruh & Williams, 2013). Kasus di Senegal cukup kompleks, dimana pertikaian kembali terjadi setelah pihak pemberontak dan pemerintah gagal merundingkan kesepakatan bersama untuk menengahi permasalahan agraria (Keels & Mason, 2019).…”

Section: Peran Reforma Agraria Terhadap Kebangkitan Acehunclassified

Reforma Agraria sebagai Jalan menuju Perdamaian yang Berkelanjutan di Aceh

Tarfi¹,

Amri²

2021

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The signing of the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2005 marked the end of the Indonesian government's decades-long conflict with the Free Aceh Movement. One of the deals in the Helsinki MoU is to provide farming land to former combatants, amnestied political prisoners, and conflict victims as a form of reintegration and livelihood restoration. However, this activity did not run effectively for a dozen years after the peace deal due to the absence of regulations and authorities in its implementation. Based on this background, this paper examines the role of Agrarian Reform on the policy of agricultural land provision to the people related to the Aceh conflict. This research used a qualitative approach, and relied on observational data and literature review. Agrarian Reform can be an alternative strategy for post-conflict peacebuilding. The concept of asset reform and access reform offered in the Agrarian Reform can be adopted to realize the allocation of agricultural land by the mandate of the Helsinki MoU. The main problems found so far are that there is no regulation regarding the granting of land rights in the law, authority, and several obstacles in its implementation. This paper also provides a crucial lesson that proper agrarian policy contributes to the prevention of recurring conflicts that have the potential to cause national disintegration. Keywords: Agrarian Reform, Free Aceh Movement, Helsinki MoU, Land Redistribution, Peacebuilding Intisari : Penandatanganan Momerandum of Understanding (MoU) Helsinki pada tahun 2005 menandai berakhirnya konflik pemerintah Indonesia dengan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka selama beberapa dekade. Salah satu kesepakatan di dalam MoU Helsinki adalah menyediakan tanah pertanian kepada mantan kombatan, tahanan politik yang memperoleh amnesti, dan korban konflik sebagai bentuk reintegrasi dan pemulihan penghidupan. Namun, kegiatan ini tidak berjalan secara efektif selama belasan tahun setelah perjanjian damai karena belum adanya regulasi dan kewenangan dalam pelaksanaannya. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, tulisan ini mengkaji peran Reforma Agraria terhadap kebijakan penyediaan tanah pertanian untuk masyarakat yang berkaitan dengan konflik Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, serta mengandalkan data observasi dan tinjauan literatur. Reforma Agraria dapat menjadi strategi alternatif pembangunan perdamaian pasca-konflik. Konsep penataan aset dan penataan akses yang ditawarkan di dalam Reforma Agraria dapat diadopsi untuk merealisasikan alokasi tanah pertanian sesuai amanah MoU Helsinki. Permasalahan-permasalahan utama yang ditemukan selama ini adalah belum adanya pengaturan mengenai pemberian hak atas tanah tersebut di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, kewenangan, dan sejumlah hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya. Tulisan ini juga memberikan pelajaran penting bahwa kebijakan agraria yang tepat dapat berkontribusi terhadap pencegahan konflik berulang yang dapat berpotensi menyebabkan disintegrasi bangsa. Kata Kunci: Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, MoU Helsinki, Pembangunan Perdamaian, Redistribusi Tanah, Reforma Agraria

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“…Yet “[a]lthough land and property issues may be at the center of many civil conflicts or may emerge during conflict, they are most often addressed somewhat generally in peace accords, or through subsequent national legislative reforms” (Unruh & Williams, 2013, p. 5). Unruh and Williams (2013, p. 5) further note that “an understanding of how land and property rights issues play out at the individual, household, and community levels is rarely a standard component of the peace‐process ‘packages’ developed with the assistance of the international community.” This is problematic, as research suggests that the inclusion of land reform provisions in post‐war peace processes substantially reduces the likelihood of renewed fighting (Keels & Mason, 2019).…”

Section: On Land Reform and Peacebuildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unruh and Williams (2013, p. 5) further note that "an understanding of how land and property rights issues play out at the individual, household, and community levels is rarely a standard component of the peace-process 'packages' developed with the assistance of the international community." This is problematic, as research suggests that the inclusion of land reform provisions in post-war peace processes substantially reduces the likelihood of renewed fighting (Keels & Mason, 2019).…”

Section: On Land Reform and Peacebuildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land reform and peacebuilding in Côte d'Ivoire: Navigating the minefield

Mitchell

2021

Journal of Agrarian Change

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This article explores the complex links between land reform and peacebuilding through a case study of Côte d'Ivoire. The country provides fertile ground for analysis given its torturous history of land conflict and civil war, its enduring debates surrounding land reform, and its ongoing efforts to consolidate peace. The article argues that while the failure to address the agrarian dimensions of the country's longstanding conflict undermines long‐term prospects of bridging deep political and societal divides, aggressive attempts to tackle the land question at the outset of the peacebuilding process may have threatened the fragile peace of the post‐conflict period. The analysis thus highlights the political risks involved in undertaking land reform during periods of precarious peacebuilding. In so doing, the article draws upon insights from over 70 interviews with local stakeholders and document analysis of key primary documents from the Ivorian government, the United Nations Security Council, and the World Bank.

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Seeds of peace? Land reform and civil war recurrence following negotiated settlements

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Agricultural Land Redistribution for Sustainable Peacebuilding in Aceh, Indonesia

Agricultural Land Redistribution for Sustainable Peacebuilding in Aceh, Indonesia

Reforma Agraria sebagai Jalan menuju Perdamaian yang Berkelanjutan di Aceh

Land reform and peacebuilding in Côte d'Ivoire: Navigating the minefield

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