Seedling Defoliation and Drought Stress: Variation in Intensity and Frequency Affect Performance and Survival

Denton, Elsie M.; Smith, Brooke M.; Hamerlynck, Erik P.; Sheley, Roger L.

doi:10.1016/j.rama.2017.06.014

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This finding was expected as plant performance in young stages might have limited implications on plant performance after transition from the vegetative to the generative phase. Similar trends were observed for salinity tolerance in wheatgrass 66 or tolerance to defoliation intensity in maize 67 . Additionally, Gibert et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

QTL mapping and genome-wide prediction of heat tolerance in multiple connected populations of temperate maize

Inghelandt

Frey

Ries

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Climate change will lead to increasing heat stress in the temperate regions of the world. The objectives of this study were the following: (I) to assess the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of traits related to heat tolerance of maize seedlings and dissect their genetic architecture by quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, (II) to compare the prediction ability of genome-wide prediction models using various numbers of KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR genotyping) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and RAD (restriction site-associated DNA sequencing) SNPs, and (III) to examine the prediction ability of intra-, inter-, and mixed-pool calibrations. For the heat susceptibility index of five of the nine studied traits, we identified a total of six QTL, each explaining individually between 7 and 9% of the phenotypic variance. The prediction abilities observed for the genome-wide prediction models were high, especially for the within-population calibrations, and thus, the use of such approaches to select for heat tolerance at seedling stage is recommended. Furthermore, we have shown that for the traits examined in our study, populations created from inter-pool crosses are suitable training sets to predict populations derived from intra-pool crosses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

QTL mapping and genome-wide prediction of heat tolerance in multiple connected populations of temperate maize

Inghelandt

Frey

Ries

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Considering the phylogenetic diversity represented (10 species from 10 plant families) and the range in growth form and habitat types, variation across species is not surprising. Consistent with other studies (Denton et al, 2018;Eziz et al, 2017;Larson & Funk, 2016;Lucas et al, 2013), seedling drought induced a shift in root/shoot ratio in some species, and drought tolerance was positively linked to root/shoot ratio across species. In the four species demonstrating phenotypic plasticity, root/shoot ratios were higher in plants in the drought groups compared with that of control plants, as predicted by adaptive plasticity of organs to maximize uptake of limited resources (Denton et al, 2018;Larson & Funk, 2016;Lucas et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Consistent with other studies (Denton et al, 2018;Eziz et al, 2017;Larson & Funk, 2016;Lucas et al, 2013), seedling drought induced a shift in root/shoot ratio in some species, and drought tolerance was positively linked to root/shoot ratio across species. In the four species demonstrating phenotypic plasticity, root/shoot ratios were higher in plants in the drought groups compared with that of control plants, as predicted by adaptive plasticity of organs to maximize uptake of limited resources (Denton et al, 2018;Larson & Funk, 2016;Lucas et al, 2013). Greater investment in roots enhances drought tolerance through greater access to water as well as greater storage, likely leading to enhanced non-structural carbohydrate reserves that can function in osmoregulation to maintain water uptake (O'Brien et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Additive and non‐additive responses of seedlings to simulated herbivory and drought

Barton

Shiels²

2020

Biotropica

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Drought is a global threat, increasing in severity and frequency throughout tropical ecosystems. Although plants often face drought in conjunction with biotic stressors, such as herbivory or disease, experimental studies infrequently test the simultaneous effects of drought and biotic stress. Because multiple simultaneous stressors may have non-additive and complex effects on plant performance, it is difficult to predict plant responses to multiple threats from research examining one stress at a time. Using an experimental approach in the greenhouse, we investigated potential nonadditivity in seedling growth and survival to simulated drought and herbivory across a phylogenetically diverse pool of ten Hawaiian plant species. Overall, seedlings showed limited tolerance, defined as similar growth and survival in stressed compared with control (non-stressed) plants, to simulated herbivory and drought, with the combined effects of both stressors to be generally additive and negative across species. Significant variation in stress tolerance was detected among species, and species variation was explained, at least in part, by functional traits such that species with larger root/shoot ratios and smaller seeds, tended to demonstrate greater herbivory and drought tolerance. Future research incorporating additional trait analysis and different stressors could shed light on mechanisms underlying seedling stress tolerance and clarify whether additivity, as detected in this study, extends across other combinations of stressors. Such work will provide needed insights into the regeneration of seedlings in tropical forests under threats of herbivory and climate change.

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“…Type II sum of square ANOVAs were speci ed for models that included seed mass as an added covariate. The magnitude of the variance explained by the cone-warming xed effect was estimated by Cohen's Local f 2 , which is suitable for use with mixed models for which denominator degrees of freedom must be approximated, and is suitable for use with unbalanced experimental designs [34,35]. Input for the calculation of Cohen's Local f 2 includes marginal R 2 goodness-of-t values both from models with and without the factor of interest, as follows:…”

Section: Common Garden Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in this study the warming treatment was present in the R 2 with model and omitted from the R 2 without model. Cohen's Local f 2 effect sizes ≥ 0.02, ≥ 0.15, and ≥ 0.35 are respectively considered small, medium, and large [36,35]. Code and data related to this work are accessible through the Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.…”

Section: Common Garden Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Experimental Warming of Developing Tree Seeds With A Common Garden Demonstration of Seedling Responses

Moler

Page

Flores‐Rentería

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundForest dieback driven by rapid climate warming threatens ecosystems worldwide. The health of forested ecosystems depends on how tree species respond to warming during all life history stages. While it is known that seed development is temperature-sensitive, little is known about possible effects of climate warming on seed development and subsequent seedling performance. Exposure of seeds to high air temperatures may influence subsequent seedling performance negatively, though conversely, warming during seed development may aid acclimation of seedlings to subsequent thermal stress. Technical challenges associated with in-situ warming of developing tree seeds limit understanding of how tree species may respond to seed development in a warmer climate. ResultsWe developed and validated a simple method for passively warming seeds as they develop in tree canopies to enable controlled study of climate warming on seedling performance. We quantified thermal effects of the cone-warming method across individual pine trees and stands by measuring the air temperature surrounding seed cones using thermal loggers and the temperature of seed cone tissue using thermocouples. We then investigated seedling phenotypes in relation to the warming method through a common garden study. We assessed plant morphological, physiological, and mycorrhizal nodulation in response to cone-warming for 20 seed source trees on the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona, USA. The warming method increased air temperature surrounding developing seed cones by 2.1◦C, a plausible increase in mean air temperature by 2050 under current climate projections. Notable effect sizes of cone-warming were detected for seedling root length, shoot length, and diameter at root collar using Cohen’s Local f 2. Root length was most affected by cone-warming, however, effect sizes of cone-warming on root length and diameter at root collar became negligible after the first year of growth. Cone-warming had small but significant effects on mycorrhizal fungal richness and seedling multispectral near-infrared indices indicative of plant health. ConclusionsThe method was shown to reliably elevate the temperature surrounding seed cones and thereby facilitate experimental in-situ climate change research on forest trees. The method was furthermore shown to influence plant traits that may affect seedling performance under climate warming.

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Seedling Defoliation and Drought Stress: Variation in Intensity and Frequency Affect Performance and Survival

Cited by 26 publications

References 58 publications

QTL mapping and genome-wide prediction of heat tolerance in multiple connected populations of temperate maize

QTL mapping and genome-wide prediction of heat tolerance in multiple connected populations of temperate maize

Additive and non‐additive responses of seedlings to simulated herbivory and drought

A Method for Experimental Warming of Developing Tree Seeds With A Common Garden Demonstration of Seedling Responses

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