Seed regeneration of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) under different coppicing approaches

Marcolin, Enrico; Pelleri, Francesco; Conedera, Marco; Pezzatti, Gianni Boris; Lingua, Emanuele; Pividori, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118273

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Recently, a new interest and sensitivity towards the preservation of the local landscape generated a growing interest in silviculture and chestnut trees [ 20 ]. Moreover, the market demand for chestnuts in European countries has been strong in the last two decades and has often been supplied by importations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Susceptibility Genes in Castanea sativa and Their Transcription Dynamics following Pathogen Infection

Pavese

Moglia

Gonthier

et al. 2021

Plants

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Castanea sativa is one of the main multipurpose tree species valued for its timber and nuts. This species is susceptible to two major diseases, ink disease and chestnut blight, caused by Phytophthora spp. and Cryphonectria parasitica, respectively. The loss-of-function mutations of genes required for the onset of pathogenesis, referred to as plant susceptibility (S) genes, are one mechanism of plant resistance against pathogens. On the basis of sequence homology, functional domain identification, and phylogenetic analyses, we report for the first time on the identification of S-genes (mlo1, dmr6, dnd1, and pmr4) in the Castanea genus. The expression dynamics of S-genes were assessed in C. sativa and C. crenata plants inoculated with P. cinnamomi and C. parasitica. Our results highlighted the upregulation of pmr4 and dmr6 in response to pathogen infection. Pmr4 was strongly expressed at early infection phases of both pathogens in C. sativa, whereas in C. crenata, no significant upregulation was observed. The infection of P. cinnamomi led to a higher increase in the transcript level of dmr6 in C. sativa compared to C. crenata-infected samples. For a better understanding of plant responses, the transcript levels of defense genes gluB and chi3 were also analyzed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Susceptibility Genes in Castanea sativa and Their Transcription Dynamics following Pathogen Infection

Pavese

Moglia

Gonthier

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) forests represent an important environmental and landscape element in Europe, especially in the hill regions of southern Europe [1,2]. In Italy, chestnut forest management has undergone important changes in the last 100 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Disturbance Induced by Silvicultural Treatment in Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Coppice and Post-Disturbance Recovery

Venanzi

Picchio

Grigolato

et al. 2020

Forests

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Chestnut forests represent an important environmental and landscape element in Europe, especially in the hill regions of southern Europe. In Italy, the total surface amount of chestnut forests is slightly expanded with 788,408 hectares, but orchards show a dramatic reduction (147,586 hectares or 20% of the total) and timber-producing stands a comparable expansion (605,888 hectares or 80%). The coppice management actually applied is considered one of the oldest forms of sustainable forest management. Over the years, coppice highlighted its versatility, resilience and multifunctionality. In this management system, in consideration of the “frequent” cutting cycles, special attention must be paid to forestry operations, because tree damage and soil compaction can trigger fungal disease and soil erosion. Frequent and repeated machine traffic increases the risk for soil degradation derived from compaction, topsoil removal and general disturbance. This study covered different forest areas and mechanization levels, in order to evaluate if the extent, type and severity of soil disturbance changed with site characteristics and logging technique. Furthermore, the study sought to obtain a better knowledge about the recovery time required for restoring the original soil properties after a disturbance has occurred. The findings showed that physical, chemical, and biological soil features were only partially disturbed by the coppicing and again that a high level of specialized mechanization does not generate heavier soil impact compared with the smaller and lighter machines deployed under the traditional and intermediate mechanization scenarios. Soil recovery in the impacted areas is already measurable one year after harvest and may be complete within the eight year—that is halfway through the standard rotation applied in the region to chestnut coppice.

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“…Currently, in Europe, Castanea forests cover approximately two million hectares, and 40% of this growth is in Italy, from plain to hilly topographies (INFC, 2005). Castanea stands are prone to invasion from Robinia pseudoacacia L. (hereafter Robinia), and this is exacerbated by natural and anthropogenic disturbances, especially coppicing, as it spreads easily in both managed and unmanaged coppice stands (Radtke et al, 2013;Marcolin et al, 2020). Robinia is a North American, nitrogen-fixing, and light-demanding pioneer tree species that frequently occurs in forest and non-forest sites in Europe (Cierjacks et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildfire promotes the invasion of Robinia pseudoacacia in the unmanaged Mediterranean Castanea sativa coppice forests

Saulino

Rita

Stinca

et al. 2023

Front. For. Glob. Change

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In the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, Castanea sativa Mill. (Castanea) coppice stands are being invaded by non-native pioneer tree species due to recurrent coppicing and wildfire disturbances. There is a need to control the spread of non-native tree species in Castanea coppices due to their pivotal socio-economic role, however, to facilitate this, further research into invasive strategies and their interactions with disturbances is required. The non-native Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Robinia) has widely colonized the overaged and unmanaged Castanea coppice forests in Vesuvius National Park, which were disturbed by the low-severity fires in the summer of 2017. Here, we aimed to assess the functional traits conferring a competitive advantage to the Robinia over Castanea and the changes in spatial stand patterns driven by wildfire disturbance. To achieve this we assessed the spatial stem patterns, regeneration strategies, and conducted field-assessments and remote sensing of the spring leaf phenology of both Castanea and Robinia in five 300–600 m2 plots. After the 2017 wildfire, root suckers constituted 72% (±12) of the Robinia vegetative living sprouts and occurred up to a distance of 10 m from the adult parent trees under the canopy of the Castanea trees. NDVI-based estimates at the start of the growing season (sos) in Castanea occurred over a 7 day period, from DOY 118–124, increasing at a rate (rsp) of 0.10–0.16, in agreement with the field-based assessment of spring leaf phenology. In Robinia, the sos estimated at DOY 109 from the NDVI seasonal trajectory disagreed with the field-based observations, which started later than Castanea, after approximately DOY 133. Here, the high percentage cover (∼90%) of the understory species influenced NDVI-based estimates of Robinia leaf spring phenology. The results suggest that low-severity wildfires increased the invasiveness of Robinia, and that vegetative regeneration strategies, rather than earlier spring phenology, conferred a competitive advantage in the fire-disturbed Castanea coppice stands. The results thus suggest that appropriate management of invasive Robinia trees to conserve the continuous canopy cover of Castanea stands should guide nature-based solutions to control the spread of non-native tree species.

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Seed regeneration of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) under different coppicing approaches

Cited by 13 publications

References 53 publications

Identification of Susceptibility Genes in Castanea sativa and Their Transcription Dynamics following Pathogen Infection

Identification of Susceptibility Genes in Castanea sativa and Their Transcription Dynamics following Pathogen Infection

Soil Disturbance Induced by Silvicultural Treatment in Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Coppice and Post-Disturbance Recovery

Wildfire promotes the invasion of Robinia pseudoacacia in the unmanaged Mediterranean Castanea sativa coppice forests

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