Seed predation does not explain pine invasion success

Moyano, Jaime; Chiuffo, Mariana C.; Rodríguez‐Cabal, Mariano A.

doi:10.1007/s00442-019-04354-8

Cited by 13 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…For each of the Pinus species included in our experiment we measured seed mass as described in Moyano et al (2019a). We gathered data on juvenile period (i.e.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Invasive trees rely more on mycorrhizas, countering the ideal‐weed hypothesis

Moyano

Rodríguez‐Cabal

Núñez³

2021

Ecology

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The ideal weed hypothesis predicts that invasive plants should be less dependent on mutualisms. However, evidence in favor or against this hypothesis comes mainly from observational studies. Here, we experimentally tested this hypothesis using a two-factor greenhouse experiment, comparing the seedling growth response of different Pinus species (varying in invasiveness) to ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculation. Most species showed no response until they were six months old, at which point inoculation increased growth between 10% and 260% among the different species. This growth response was higher for species with lower seed mass, higher dispersal ability, higher Z score (a proxy for invasiveness) and higher number of naturalized regions, all of which correspond to higher invasiveness. Our results show that timing is a crucial factor when comparing mycorrhizal dependecy of different species. Dependence on mutualistic microorganisms could be part of a strategy in which invasive species produce smaller seeds, in greater number, which can disperse further but where seedlings are more reliant on mycorrhizas to improve access to water, nutrients, and protection from pathogens. Our results suggest that reliance on mutualisms may enhance, rather than limit, non-native species in their ability to spread, establish and colonize.

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“…For each of the Pinus species included in our experiment we measured seed mass as described in Moyano et al (2019a). We gathered data on juvenile period (i.e.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each of the Pinus species included in our experiment we measured seed mass as described in Moyano et al (2019a). We gathered data on juvenile period (i.e., age of first reproduction) and interval between large seed crops for each Pinus species from the literature (Grotkopp et al 2004, Krugman and Jenkinson 2008).…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive trees rely more on mycorrhizas, countering the ideal‐weed hypothesis

Moyano

Rodríguez‐Cabal

Núñez³

2021

Ecology

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“…Reader 1993; Maron et al 2012) vs. forest ecosystems (e.g. Dirzo et al 2007; Moyano et al 2019). Another increasingly prevalent and novel source of conditionality arises from biological invasions shifting local floras toward exotic plants (Kuebbing et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed size predicts global effects of small mammal seed predation on plant recruitment

et al. 2020

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Recent studies demonstrate that by focusing on traits linked to fundamental plant life-history trade-offs, ecologists can begin to predict plant community structure at global scales. Yet, consumers can strongly affect plant communities, and means for linking consumer effects to key plant traits and community assembly processes are lacking. We conducted a global literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether seed size, a trait representing fundamental life-history trade-offs in plant offspring investment, could predict post-dispersal seed predator effects on seed removal and plant recruitment. Seed size predicted small mammal seed removal rates and their impacts on plant recruitment consistent with optimal foraging theory, with intermediate seed sizes most strongly impacted globallyfor both native and exotic plants. However, differences in seed size distributions among ecosystems conditioned seed predation patterns, with relatively large-seeded species most strongly affected in grasslands (smallest seeds), and relatively small-seeded species most strongly affected in tropical forests (largest seeds). Such size-dependent seed predation has profound implications for coexistence among plants because it may enhance or weaken opposing life-history trade-offs in an ecosystem-specific manner. Our results suggest that seed size may serve as a key life-history trait that can integrate consumer effects to improve understandings of plant coexistence.

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“…Besides habitat heterogeneity, the leading importance of the plant community structure at the ground layer and of biotic interactions at the early stages of invasion was demonstrated by Kortz et al (2018) in one of our study sites (IES) and by DiVittorio et al (2007) elsewhere. Furthermore, seed germination and seedling survival can be severely limited by predatorsespecially small mammals and insects (Crawley 1992;Tyler et al 2008;Nuñez et al 2017;Moyano et al 2019)or by pathogens, as fungi (Ocamb et al 2002;Sarmiento et al 2017). In fact, Miashike (2015) found very high predation in the field for the three pine species here considered, probably caused by small mammals and insects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In fact, Miashike (2015) found very high predation in the field for the three pine species here considered, probably caused by small mammals and insects. A strategy of escaping seed predation is the production of a large number of seeds, so that predators can be satiated and there would still be seeds left for recruitment (Crawley 1992;Moyano et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can demographic rates of early development stages justify invasion success among three pine species in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot?

et al. 2021

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Recognising which life-history factors can potentially explain the success of biological invasions is essential to understand why certain exotic species are more successful to invade a given system than others, and also to better predict invasion outcomes. We focused on the three most planted pine tree species in Southern Brazil -Pinus elliottii, P. caribaea and P. oocarpaas a natural system to test the hypothesis that some key vital attributesfecundity (number of seeds produced), seed viability, germinability, seedling growth vigour (biomass and stem length)could be driving the greater invasion of P. elliottii in the region. We collected seeds of P. elliottii var. elliottii, P. caribaea subsp. hondurensis and P. oocarpa in two sites of similar climate and soil in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot. Seeds were tested for viability and germinability, and seed production was estimated. Under laboratory conditions, we evaluated seedling survival, stem and root development, biomass production and mortality for each species. Although P. elliottii is regarded as the most successful invasive pine species in the Cerrado, it did not outperform the other pines in terms of seed viability, germinability and seedling survival, and it had the slowest growth. P. elliottii did produce, however, at least twice as many seeds as the other species. P. caribaea revealed high seed viability and seedling survival, the fastest seedling development, but low seed production. P. oocarpa showed the lowest seed viability, but fast root growth and very low seedling mortality. Our results suggest seed production is a key factor for P. elliottii invasion success. However, given the strong performance of P. caribaea and P. oocarpa for germinability and growth, we emphasise the risk of both species also becoming successful invaders in the Cerrado. We highlight the need for constant monitoring of emerging pine individuals in native ecosystems to avoid future invasions.

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Seed predation does not explain pine invasion success

Cited by 13 publications

References 89 publications

Invasive trees rely more on mycorrhizas, countering the ideal‐weed hypothesis

Invasive trees rely more on mycorrhizas, countering the ideal‐weed hypothesis

Seed size predicts global effects of small mammal seed predation on plant recruitment

Can demographic rates of early development stages justify invasion success among three pine species in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot?

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