Abstract:The present situation regarding problems and achievements in seed pathology and domestic and international quarantine in India is described. Emphasis is placed upon the need for resolving present inadequacies in this country's quarantine legislation and for international alignment in seed health testing methods, in addition to a general information exchange on plant pathogens.
“…Wastewater generated from domestic and industrial activities may be a vital resource if it can be reuse for safe utilization in agriculture [1]. Domestic wastewater contains both black and grey wastewater.…”
Abstract. The efficiency of Eichhornia crassipes for treatment of raw kitchen wastewater was studied in the present research work. An artificial wetland of 30 liter capacity was created for phytoremediation of kitchen wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes. Kitchen wastewater samples were collected from hostel of an educational institute in India. Samples were characterized based on physical and chemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, total hardness, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, sulphate, dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon and total dissolved solid. The physico-chemical parameter of kitchen wastewater samples were analysed for durations of 0 (initial day), 4 and 8 days. After 8 days of retention period, it was observed that pH value increases from 6.25 to 6.63. However, percentage reduction for turbidity, total hardness, nitratenitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, sulphate, dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon and total dissolved solid were found to be 74.71%, 50%, 78.75%, 60.28%, 25.31%, 33.33%, 15.38% and 69.97%, respectively. Hence water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is found efficient and easy to handle and it can be used for low cost phytoremediation technique.
“…Wastewater generated from domestic and industrial activities may be a vital resource if it can be reuse for safe utilization in agriculture [1]. Domestic wastewater contains both black and grey wastewater.…”
Abstract. The efficiency of Eichhornia crassipes for treatment of raw kitchen wastewater was studied in the present research work. An artificial wetland of 30 liter capacity was created for phytoremediation of kitchen wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes. Kitchen wastewater samples were collected from hostel of an educational institute in India. Samples were characterized based on physical and chemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, total hardness, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, sulphate, dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon and total dissolved solid. The physico-chemical parameter of kitchen wastewater samples were analysed for durations of 0 (initial day), 4 and 8 days. After 8 days of retention period, it was observed that pH value increases from 6.25 to 6.63. However, percentage reduction for turbidity, total hardness, nitratenitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, sulphate, dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon and total dissolved solid were found to be 74.71%, 50%, 78.75%, 60.28%, 25.31%, 33.33%, 15.38% and 69.97%, respectively. Hence water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is found efficient and easy to handle and it can be used for low cost phytoremediation technique.
S'il est bien connu que les champignons sont capables de s'installer à la surface ou dans les différents tissus de la graine, on ne dispose que de peu d'informations sur la présence de micro‐organismes sur semences de plantes forestières, mais trois types de champignons sont à considérer: (1) les champignons très communs, considérés couramment non pathogènes, mais qui peuvent, le cas échéant, provoquer une baisse de germination; (2) les champignons pathogènes spécifiques, qui attaquent les tissus de la graine et la plantule; ils causent un dégât direct à la pépinière et peuvent se diffuser, grâce au commerce des semences, dans une zone auparavant indemne; (3) les champignons pathogènes, pas forcément spécifiques, qui causent des dégâts à la plantule issue de la graine sur laquelle ils étaient présents et, en plus, sont capables de provoquer des fontes de semis. En ce qui concerne l'Italie, quelques observations ont été effectuées sur la présence de Seiridium cardinale sur semences de Cupressaceae et celle de Fusarium moniliforme et de F. moniliforme var. subglutinans sur semences de Pinus pinaster.
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