“…Although some seeds are generally chemically and physically defended against attacks by insects such as moths and beetles (e.g., Wright 1994; Oliveras et al 2008; Mezquida et al, 2021), the number of insects preying upon them are generally high, particularly in the tropics (see Ramírez & Traveset, 2010; Souza & Fagundes, 2017; van Klinken, & White, A.J., 2014; Xu et al, 2015). Seed damage caused by insects varies from superficial damage to the tegument or cotyledons to severe damage to the embryo, resulting in seed death (Fagundes et al, 2022; Han et al, 2018; Perea et al, 2020; Silva & Rossi, 2019). The specificity of the relationship between seed‐feeding insects and their hosts can range from polyphagy (i.e., an insect species that feeds upon seeds of several plant species) to monophagy (i.e., an insect species that feeds on seeds of one or a few phylogenetically related plant species) (Galfrascoli et al, 2022; Gripenberg et al, 2019; Janzen, 1980; Kergoat et al, 2004).…”