Seed filling in maize and hormones crosstalk regulated by exogenous application of uniconazole in semiarid regions

Ahmad, Irshad; Kamran, Muhammad; Ali, Shahzad; Cai, Tommaso; Bilegjargal, Bayasgalan; Liu, Tiening; Han, Qingfang

doi:10.1007/s11356-018-3235-0

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…HD decreased the highest values, and accelerated reductions in ZR and IAA content, whereas increased N application offset these declines, especially under HD. The strong canonical correlation between grain-filling parameters and ZR content indicated that density and N rate combinations affected grain-filling progress largely by adjusting the content of ZR, which regulated the rates of endosperm cell division and grain filling (Ahmad et al, 2018). Additionally, we also showed that the ZR and IAA content of apical kernels were significantly lower than the content in middle position kernels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Density and Nitrogen Supply Affect the Grain-Filling Parameters of Maize Kernels Located in Different Ear Positions

Wei

Wang

et al. 2019

Front. Plant Sci.

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Although yield output of maize ( Zea mays L.) has improved markedly over the last century, procedures for improving the grain-filling process remain elusive. Our aim in this study was to relate grain-filling variation in maize (including kernels in apical and middle positions in the ears) to plant density and nitrogen (N) application rate using a crossed experimental design. We also investigated changes in zeatin riboside (ZR), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA) in the kernels during the grain-filling period. Two high-yield maize varieties cultivated extensively in China were field grown under normal (67,500 pl ha -1 ) and high (97,500 pl ha -1 ) densities, and supplied with low, normal and high (0, 180, and 360 kg N ha -1 ) concentrations of N. Kernel weight (KW), the maximum grain-filling rate (G max ), the average grain-filling rate (G ave ), and the kernel weight increment achieving G max (W max ) were all significantly depressed under high density (HD) conditions, but increased N supply partially offset the losses. The apical kernels were more sensitive to density and N application rate than middle kernels. Correlation analysis indicated that plant density and N rate affected KW mainly by influencing the grain-filling rate. Variation in ZR, IAA, and ABA content tracked the variation in KW, but variation in GA content did not. Furthermore, the grain-filling parameters (closely related to TKW) had strong canonical correlation with the content of all hormones across the filling period and ZR content had the strongest relationship. Based on our study, high N supply is beneficial to optimize grain-filling parameters and improve KW of maize kernels under crowded condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Density and Nitrogen Supply Affect the Grain-Filling Parameters of Maize Kernels Located in Different Ear Positions

Wei

Wang

et al. 2019

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Exogenous GA 3 decreases the seed yield of Carthamus tinctorius [52]. The filling rate of corn seeds is increased when uniconazole is used, which increases the ZR and ABA contents and decreases GA content [53]. Uniconazole also increases the CK (cytokinin) content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Endogenous Hormones on the Flowering and Fruiting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Yan

Hou

Cui

et al. 2019

Plants

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Although endogenous hormones play an important role in flower bud differentiation and seed-filling, their effects on the flowering and fruiting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. remain unknown. In the present study, we investigate the differences in the levels of endogenous hormones gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and indoleacetic acid (IAA) between the fruiting and seedless plants of G. uralensis Fisch. at different growth stages. We also determine the correlations of the endogenous hormone with the rates of flower and fruit falling, rate of empty seeds, rate of shrunken grains, and thousand kernel weight (TKW). The results demonstrate that the IAA and ZR levels of the flowering plants are significantly higher than those of the nonflowering plants at the flower bud differentiation stage. The GA and ABA levels of exfoliated inflorescence plants are considerably higher than those of the flowering and fruiting plants; the rates of falling flowers and fruit are negatively correlated with the IAA level and positively correlated with the ABA level. The ABA content of nonflowering plants is significantly higher than that of fruiting plants. The ZR:GA and IAA:ABA ratios are significantly positively correlated with TKW. The IAA:GA and IAA:ABA ratios are significantly negatively correlated with the rates of empty and shrunken seeds. Thus, we speculate that high IAA and ZR contents are good for flower bud differentiation and seed-filling, and low ABA and ZR contents are beneficial to flower bud development and seed-filling.

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“…In recent decades, plant growth regulators (PGRs), including GAs, have attracted the interest of agriculture scientists and are broadly used in agronomic crops. Gibberellins comprise a large family of hormones that are ubiquitous in higher plants and have long been known as endogenous plant growth regulators, promoting several aspects of plant growth and developmental processes, such as cell division, stem elongation, seed germination, dormancy, leaf expansion, flower and fruit development [29,30]. Gibberellins were first discovered in the 1930s by Teijiro Yabuta and Yusuke Sumiki and were named after the pathogenic fungus Gibberella fujikuroi [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Gibberellin (GA4+7) in Grain Filling, Hormonal Behavior, and Antioxidants in High-Density Maize (Zea mays L.)

Cui

Song

Zuo

et al. 2020

Plants

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Dense plant cultivation is an efficient approach to improve maize production by maximizing the utilization of energy and nutrients. However, dense plant populations may aggravate the abortion rate of young grains, resulting in fewer kernels per ear. The rate and duration of grain-filling play decisive roles in maize grain yield. Therefore, to increase plant density, enhancing the grain-filling rate, extending the growth period of individual maize plants and regulating crop senescence would be the first priority. In this study, we examined the regulatory effects of GA4+7 under two application methods: shanks and silks were moistened by cotton full with GA4+7 solution at concentrations of 0, 10, 60, and 120 mg L−1. The results showed that GA4+7 improved the grain-filling rate by increasing the content of auxin, gibberellin, zeatin, and abscisic acid in grains compared to control plants. In addition, the auxin, gibberellin, and zeatin contents in the grains were positively and significantly correlated with the maximum grain weight and the maximum and mean grain-filling rates. Moreover, GA4+7 increased the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases and reduced the malondialdehyde content in leaves compared with untreated plants. At the concentration of 60 mg L−1, GA4+7 showed the greatest effect on shank and silk applications (Sh-60 and Si-60) followed by 10 mg L−1 (Sh-10) for shank treatment and 120 mg L−1 (Si-120) for silk treatment. Our results suggest that a concentration of 60 mg L−1 GA4+7 for shank and silk application may be efficiently used for changing the level of hormones in grains and antioxidant enzymes in ear leaves, which may be useful for enhancing grain-filling rate and delaying leaf senescence, resulting in an increase in maize grain yield.

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Seed filling in maize and hormones crosstalk regulated by exogenous application of uniconazole in semiarid regions

Cited by 37 publications

References 55 publications

Plant Density and Nitrogen Supply Affect the Grain-Filling Parameters of Maize Kernels Located in Different Ear Positions

Plant Density and Nitrogen Supply Affect the Grain-Filling Parameters of Maize Kernels Located in Different Ear Positions

The Effects of Endogenous Hormones on the Flowering and Fruiting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Effects of Gibberellin (GA4+7) in Grain Filling, Hormonal Behavior, and Antioxidants in High-Density Maize (Zea mays L.)

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