Seed dormancy and germination vary within and among species of milkweeds

Kaye, Thomas N.; Sandlin, Isaac J; Bahm, Matt A

doi:10.1093/aobpla/ply018

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A. curassavica does not require a germination treatment to break seed dormancy, whereas A. syriaca requires an extended seed dormancy period (of a year or more) combined with cold stratification before a germination rate of 50% or more can be achieved (Baskin and Baskin, 1977;Groh, 1943). A. fascicularis requires 4 to 6 weeks of stratification to break dormancy, and A. speciosa requires, on average, 2 to 4 weeks of stratification (Kaye et al, 2018). As hybrid parents varied in germination requirements, the two most common germination methods of DS and stratification were used to determine the optimal germination method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Verification of an Interspecific Hybridization Protocol for Asclepias

Lewis¹,

Chappell²,

Thomas³

et al. 2021

horts

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Milkweed (Asclepias sp.) is an important pollinator genus across North America and is a host plant for many butterfly species, notably the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). Commercial production of Asclepias is limited to a few species, because most species lack commercial traits, with minimal branching habit, excessive height, and minimal color variation. This study used a commercially viable Asclepias species, butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa L.), as a maternal parent and trialed three different pollination methods in an attempt to create interspecific hybrids. Pollination methods included a traditional method, a pollen–solution-based method, and a novel inverted pollinia method. The inverted pollinia method increased pollination success rates 4-fold among intraspecific crosses of A. tuberosa. When pollination methods were optimized, A. tuberosa was used as the maternal parent, and one-way crosses were made to seven other Asclepias species using the inverted pollinia method. Of the seven species used as pollen donors, four developed hybrid seed successfully: green milkweed (Asclepias hirtella Woodson), purple milkweed (Asclepias purpurascens L.), showy milkweed (Asclepias speciosa Torr.), and common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.). As germination methods vary significantly among Asclepias species, three methods of germination were trialed on seed developed via interspecific hybridizations: direct seeded, cold–moist stratification, and embryo rescue. Of the three methods, cold–moist stratification was superior to direct seeding and embryo rescue. This research is the first documented case of a controlled interspecific hybridization event among these species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Verification of an Interspecific Hybridization Protocol for Asclepias

Lewis¹,

Chappell²,

Thomas³

et al. 2021

horts

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show abstract

“…Seeds are wind‐dispersed and most are conditionally dormant at maturity; dormancy declines during after‐ripening and especially after a period of cold‐moist stratification (Baskin & Baskin 1977; Finch et al 2018). No studies have identified persistent seed banks for milkweed species (Johnson & Anderson 1986; Csontos et al 2009; Kaye et al 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common milkweed seeds exhibit latitudinal clines more consistent with adaptation to growing season length than temperature

Mohl

McCall

Wood

et al. 2023

Restoration Ecology

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Overwintering monarch (Danaus plexippus) populations have declined since the 1990s. In response, restoration of milkweeds, including Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed), an important host plant in their breeding grounds, has become increasingly common. However, latitudinal variation in milkweed populations suggests the possibility of regional adaptation and the potential for seed provenance to affect restoration success. Using seeds from 20 populations throughout the range of A. syriaca, we tested whether seed mass, germination success, and germination time in the greenhouse demonstrate geographic clines consistent with available evidence for this species from other studies. In addition, we tested for patterns in germination traits consistent with adaptation to spring thermal conditions by planting seeds from 10 populations in growth chambers simulating Minnesota and Kentucky spring temperatures. Even after accounting for seed mass, seeds from higher latitudes germinated faster on average under all conditions. Elevated temperatures accelerated germination time and leaf development time; however, we did not detect geographic patterns in leaf development time, indicating that the processes underlying the latitudinal cline in germination time may be unique to the germination stage. In the thermal adaptation study, high‐latitude populations produced larger seeds and seeds that germinated at a higher rate; however, neither latitudinal trend was observed in the geographic clines study, even though individual seed mass predicted germination success. High‐latitude populations express more favorable germination traits in every setting measured, perhaps due to reduced dormancy. Consequently, we conclude that latitudinal clines are more consistent with adaptation to growing season length than to spring temperatures.

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“…Se utilizaron cinco repeticiones de 100 semillas cada una; se colocaron a germinar en toallas de papel humedecidas con agua destilada en una cantidad equivalente a 2,5 veces la masa del sustrato seco (Carvalho et al, 2013;Macedo et al, 2017;Oliveira et al, 2018), en un recipiente plástico previamente desinfectado, en condiciones de oscuridad durante 72 horas (Salazar & Botello, 2018). Fueron consideradas semillas germinadas aquellas que presentaron la radícula de al menos tres milímetros de largo (Kaye et al, 2018), y se expresó como porcentaje de germinación.…”

Section: Prueba De Germinaciónunclassified

Optimización de la prueba de tetrazolio para evaluar la viabilidad en semillas de Solanum lycopersicum L.

Mercado

Delgado

Caleño

2020

CTA

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El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) es una de las hortalizas más consumidas en el mundo con un aumento en su demanda, por lo que conocer la viabilidad de sus semillas es de suma importancia, ya que estas son la base del éxito de su producción. Debido a esto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo optimizar la prueba de tetrazolio determinando el pretratamiento adecuado para potenciar la prueba. El material vegetal se recolectó de cultivos establecidos en el municipio del Cáchira, departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia. Las semillas se extrajeron de los frutos maduros y, posteriormente, se expusieron a pretratramientos con hipoclorito de sodio y agua destilada durante 10 minutos, con tres concentraciones de 2, 3, 5- cloruro trifenil tetrazolio (0,25 %, 0,15 % y 0,10 %) y distintos tiempos de exposición (6 h, 12 h y 24 h). Los datos de viabilidad obtenidos se corroboraron mediante la prueba de germinación en toallas de papel húmedas. Los resultados de viabilidad más relacionados con la prueba de germinación se obtuvieron al emplear las concentraciones de 0,25 % y 0,15 %, utilizando tanto el pretratamiento con hipoclorito de sodio como la inmersión en agua destilada.

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Seed dormancy and germination vary within and among species of milkweeds

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

Development and Verification of an Interspecific Hybridization Protocol for Asclepias

Development and Verification of an Interspecific Hybridization Protocol for Asclepias

Common milkweed seeds exhibit latitudinal clines more consistent with adaptation to growing season length than temperature

Optimización de la prueba de tetrazolio para evaluar la viabilidad en semillas de Solanum lycopersicum L.

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