Seed Discharge in
            <i>Arceuthobium</i>
            : A Photographic Study

Hinds, Thomas E.; Hawksworth, Frank G.; McGinnies, William J.

doi:10.1126/science.140.3572.1236

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Viscin tissue, a mucilaginous region that forms a layer around the single seed within each fruit, accumulates the hydrostatic force needed for water-driven explosive discharge14. Dispersal is ultimately achieved by explosive fracture in the abscission layer at the pedicel345. A somewhat analogous strategy for seed dispersal has been described for other plants, such as Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.…”

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confidence: 91%

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Thermogenesis-triggered seed dispersal in dwarf mistletoe

et al. 2015

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Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (DM), Arceuthobium americanum, is a parasitic flowering plant and forest pathogen in North America. Seed dispersal in DM occurs by explosive discharge. Notably, slight warming of ripe DM fruit in the laboratory can trigger explosions. Previously, we showed that alternative oxidase, a protein involved in endogenous heat production (thermogenesis) in plants, is present in DM fruit. These observations have led us to investigate if thermogenesis induces discharge. Here, infrared thermographs reveal that ripe DM fruits display an anomalous increase in surface temperature by an average of 2.1±0.8 °C over an average time of 103±29 s (n=9, 95% confidence interval) before dehiscence. Furthermore, both non-isothermal and isothermal modulated differential scanning calorimetry consistently show an exothermic event (~1 J g−1) in the non-reversible heat flow just prior to discharge. These results support thermogenesis-triggered seed discharge, never before observed in any plant.

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confidence: 91%

“…1). Seminal studies by Hinds et al 3. showed that a seed can be dispersed as far as 20 m from its source, with initial velocities approaching 25 m s −1 (100 km h −1 ) .…”

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Thermogenesis-triggered seed dispersal in dwarf mistletoe

et al. 2015

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“…In contrast to most mistletoes, the dwarf mistletoes are primarily disseminated by an "explosive fruit" system involving both hydrostatic and mechanical mechanisms (92,94). Dwarf mistletoe seeds are expelled from fruits at initial velocities of about 24 m/s and may fly 10 m or more (Fig.…”

Section: Mistletoe Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mistletoes: Pathology, Systematics, Ecology, and Management

et al. 2008

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“…Hinds, Hawksworth, and McGinnies (1963) found that Arceuthobium (Loranthaceae) seeds tumble in flight and that the viscin sheath, composed of gelatinous material surrounding the seeds, is separated from the seeds in a matter of microseconds after they are ejected. Hinds, Hawksworth, and McGinnies (1963) found that Arceuthobium (Loranthaceae) seeds tumble in flight and that the viscin sheath, composed of gelatinous material surrounding the seeds, is separated from the seeds in a matter of microseconds after they are ejected.…”

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Ballistic seed projection in two herbaceous species

Garrison

Miller

Raspet

2000

American J of Botany

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We found that the majority of ballistic seeds tested [N = 74 of 78 in Vicia sativa ssp. nigra (Fabaceae); N = 25 of 27 in Croton capitatus var. capitatus (Euphorbiaceae)] were projected at angles that would yield a greater distance than the average of seeds with the same initial speed projected at random angles. In addition, the median of fractional distance error (maximum distance - seed distance)/(maximum distance), of the seeds were 0.11 and 0.04 for V. sativa and C. capitatus, respectively. Seed projection distance was modeled by using initial projection angle, initial speed, and measured drag, along with other seed data. We improved upon previous such studies by using dual-angle high-speed stroboscopic photography to determine initial projection angle and speed. We also measured seed drag in a low-turbulence wind tunnel. Seed projection positions on the plant, which also affect seed projection distance, were found to be primarily from the top of the plant, with 98 of 137 and 407 of 407 fruits in the upper half of the plant for V. sativa and C. capitatus, respectively. Our findings are significant because they suggest that in addition to the ballistic projection mechanism itself, the species studied have additional adaptations that result in enhanced seed projection distance from the parent plant.

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Seed Discharge in Arceuthobium : A Photographic Study

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

Thermogenesis-triggered seed dispersal in dwarf mistletoe

Thermogenesis-triggered seed dispersal in dwarf mistletoe

Mistletoes: Pathology, Systematics, Ecology, and Management

Ballistic seed projection in two herbaceous species

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